东天山地区史前艺术考论

发布时间：2018-09-16 21:56

【摘要】：本文以东天山地区史前时期的艺术遗存为研究对象，通过对考古学材料、文献资料、图像资料的分析、梳理和田野考察活动，运用考古学、文献学、人类学、图像学等多学科的综合性研究方法展开研究。文中首次对东天山地区史前艺术遗存的图文资料做了全面、系统的整理与归纳；以艺术门类为研究框架，，对该地区史前时期的石器、陶器、铜器、金银器、木器、服饰及岩画艺术的发展状况、形态特征、文化源流作了初步考释；并尝试对史前艺术所体现的民族关系、原始宗教、工艺技术、生态环境等问题进行了分析与探讨。笔者认为，该地区的石器艺术始于工具制造，是造物技艺、审美心理及文化关系的最早显现；陶器艺术受到以甘青地区为主的周邻文化影响，形成了自身特色，并在新疆史前陶器艺术的发展过程中发挥了重要作用；金属艺术，尤其是铜器艺术，在西方冶铜、制铜技术的影响下形成了强烈的地域性特征，进而对我国中原及北方地区铜器艺术的发展产生影响；木器及骨（角）器艺术以本土实用器物为主体，同时也折射出对西来文化因素的积极内化和创新；服饰艺术彰显了生活化的审美情趣，以及制革、染织、刺绣工艺的发展水平；岩画艺术以直观的视觉形象为载体，表现了史前先民的现实生活与精神信仰。东天山地区史前艺术是先民现实生存需要、原始宗教信仰与审美意识的综合体现；特定的自然环境、技术水平、经济形态构成了史前艺术形成的地域和时代背景，同时也深度影响了艺术品格的形成。作为异质文化因素的承载者，东西方古老族群共同参与了当地史前艺术的创造过程，使其艺术呈现出极强的包容性和丰富性，艺术面貌甚为独特。总而言之，东天山地区史前艺术的主体形成于内陆欧亚早期文化交流的历史背景中。作为具有多元文化特质和强烈本土风格的早期地域性艺术，它不仅彰显了我国古代艺术宏厚与多元的本质，同时也在欧亚内陆早期艺术的传播、交流和发展中具有不可替代的地位。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the artistic remains of the prehistoric period in the East Tianshan region as the research object, through the analysis of archaeological materials, literature, image data, combing and field investigation activities, using archaeology, philology, anthropology, The research is carried out by the comprehensive research methods of many subjects, such as imageology and so on. For the first time, the paper makes a comprehensive, systematic arrangement and induction of the images and texts of the prehistoric art remains in the East Tianshan region, taking the category of art as the research framework, the stone tools, pottery, bronze ware, gold and silver ware, wood ware of the prehistoric period in this area, This paper makes a preliminary study of the development, morphological characteristics and cultural origin of costume and rock painting art, and attempts to analyze and discuss the national relations, primitive religion, craft technology, ecological environment and so on embodied in prehistoric art. The author believes that the stone art in this area began with tool making and was the earliest manifestation of the art of creation, aesthetic psychology and cultural relationship, and the pottery art was influenced by the surrounding culture mainly in Ganqing area and formed its own characteristics. It has played an important role in the development of prehistoric pottery art in Xinjiang. Metal art, especially copper art, has formed strong regional characteristics under the influence of copper smelting and copper making technology in the West. Then it has an influence on the development of bronze art in Central Plains and North China. The art of wood and bone (angle) is mainly made up of local practical objects, and it also reflects the positive internalization and innovation of cultural factors in the west. The art of dress shows the aesthetic interest of life, and the development level of tanning, dyeing and embroidery; the art of rock painting takes the visual image as the carrier, and shows the realistic life and spiritual belief of the prehistoric people. The prehistoric art in East Tianshan region is the realistic living need of the ancestors, the comprehensive embodiment of primitive religious belief and aesthetic consciousness, the special natural environment, the technical level and the economic form, which constitute the region and the background of the prehistoric art formation. At the same time, it also deeply affects the formation of artistic character. As the carrier of heterogeneous cultural factors, the ancient ethnic groups of East and West participated in the process of local prehistoric art creation, which made their art show a strong inclusiveness and richness, and the art appearance is very unique. In a word, the main body of prehistoric art in East Tianshan region was formed in the historical background of early cultural exchange in inland Eurasia. As an early regional art with multiculturalism and strong local style, it not only shows the essence of Chinese ancient art, but also spreads the early art in Eurasia. Communication and development have an irreplaceable position.
【学位授予单位】：西安美术学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K879;K871

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