古代埃及民族来世观念的历史嬗变

发布时间：2018-10-05 16:53

【摘要】：法老时期,埃及民族宗教信仰中透视其来世观念的来世地点是太阳神统治的天国与奥西里斯神统治的冥界。古王国时期,受太阳神崇拜的影响,国王独自享受着天国的来世生活;中王国时期,王权的相对衰弱与"来世民主化"趋势的强化,导致了国王与贵族在来世去向上的差异,奥西里斯崇拜也在此时得以发展;新王国时期,国王的神性元素被降低、人性元素被强调,埃及人更加信奉并依赖神yG,神王崇拜的观念也随之发生转变。在古代埃及历史长河中,埃及人的来世去向逐渐由分离走向融合,因而形成一个动态循环的来世之旅。来世去向的变化由此反映出王权与神权之间的关系、埃及民族宗教信仰与丧葬习俗的蜕变及其对生命与死亡的认知态度。
[Abstract]:In the pharaohs period, the afterlife place of Egypt's national religious belief was the Heavenly Kingdom ruled by the sun god and the underworld ruled by the god of Osiris. In the ancient kingdom period, influenced by the worship of the sun god, the king alone enjoyed the afterlife life of the kingdom of heaven. In the middle kingdom period, Wang Quan's relative weakness and the intensification of the trend of "the democratization of the afterlife" led to the difference between the king and the nobility in the afterlife. The worship of Osiris also developed at this time; in the new kingdom, the divinity of the king was reduced, the element of humanity was emphasized, and the Egyptian belief in and reliance on the worship of the god yG, God also changed. In the long history of ancient Egypt, the future life of Egyptians gradually changed from separation to integration, thus forming a dynamic cycle of afterlife journey. The change of the afterlife reflects the relationship between Wang Quan and theocracy, the transformation of the religious beliefs and funeral customs of Egypt, and the cognitive attitude towards life and death.
【作者单位】：首都师范大学历史学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金一般项目(14BSS035)
【分类号】：K884.11

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