历史时期陕西水井技术研究

发布时间：2018-10-23 14:16

【摘要】：水是生命之源,是人类赖以生存和发展的不可缺少的最重要的物质资源之远古时期,由于生产力水平低下人们傍水居住,人类最早对水资源的开发利用方式也就产生了,即直接取用江河湖泽中的地表水。随着人类文明的发展,河水已不能满足人类的需要,于是华夏先民在不懈的探索中找到了解决问题的办法——平地凿凹打井以开发地下水资源,这就使水井成为人类生产和生活中必不可少的基础设施。陕西是中国古代水利开发较早的地区之一,因此,也是较早使用水井的区域之一。但是不同的历史时期,人类挖掘水井的社会背景、挖掘技术等也有所不同,且从科学技术史角度进行研究的比较少。本文运用科学技术史的相关研究方法对陕西水井技术做了尝试性的研究,正文共分为四章节。一、全国古代水井技术概述。本章节主要从古代水井的类型、凿井技术和水井的作用三部分对全国水井进行整体性概述。从全国水井技术特征上来看,水井技术的发展与变革是随着经济的发展和社会的变革面改变的。二、陕西古代水井技术研究。本章节主要从陕西古代水井遗址中的水井技术、陕西古代明器井研究和陕西名胜古井三部分对陕西水井进行详细地地描述。陕西是我国人类文明起源最早的发源地之一,尤其是作为我国古代经济、文化的聚集地的关中地区,人们对水井的依赖程度之高和凿井技术之发达也是不言而喻的。因此,在陕西一些地方发现了密集的井群以及一些具有时代特征和技术特征影射的明器井。可以说,这些现象反映了当时陕西社会的变革、经济的发展和科学技术的创新情况。三、古代水井的配套设施。本章节主要从古代水井配套设施简介和陕西古代水井配套设施进行详细地叙述。随着社会的发展,人类越来越意识到水的清洁度的重要性,因此,水井的配套设施也就产生了。众所周知,水井的类型多种多样,那么根据不同类型的水井其配套设施也会不同；即使是相同的水井在不同的经济发展和科学技术水平条件下,其配套设施也有所不同。那么要了解古代的水井,就必须要了解水井的配套设施,这包括汲水工具、井上设施等。四、古代水井的管理措施。随着社会的进步和发展,文明生活、法制社会逐步成为时代发展的一种主流。因此,对于与人类生产生活密切相关的水井,其管理措施也就显得越来越重要。本章主要叙述的内容包括城市中水井的设置距离、水井的放水措施以及水井日常护理等。总之,我国古代水井及其技术是随着社会的进步、经济的发展和科学技术的创新而不断变化的。纵使中华先民有着数不清的文明创造,但水井及水井技术在中华文明史中绝对占据着重要位置。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life and the most important and indispensable material resource for human survival and development in ancient times. Due to the low level of productivity and people living near water, the earliest way of exploitation and utilization of water resources was produced. Namely take the surface water directly in the river and lake. With the development of human civilization, the river water can no longer meet the needs of mankind, so the Chinese ancestors found a solution to the problem in their unremitting exploration-digging concave wells in flat ground to develop groundwater resources. This makes wells an essential infrastructure for human production and life. Shaanxi is one of the areas where water conservancy was developed earlier in ancient China, so it is also one of the areas where wells were used earlier. However, in different historical periods, the social background and technology of digging wells are different, and the research from the point of view of history of science and technology is less. This paper makes a tentative study on Shaanxi well technology by using the relevant research methods of the history of science and technology. The text is divided into four chapters. First, the national ancient wells technology overview. In this chapter, the types of ancient wells, well sinking technology and the role of wells are summarized. From the point of view of the characteristics of water well technology in China, the development and reform of well technology are changing with the development of economy and social change. Second, the study of Shaanxi ancient well technology. This chapter mainly describes well technology in Shaanxi ancient water well site, Shaanxi ancient Ming Qi well research and Shaanxi scenic spot ancient well in detail. Shaanxi is one of the earliest birthplaces of human civilization in China, especially in Guanzhong area, where ancient economy and culture are concentrated. The high degree of dependence on wells and the development of drilling technology are also self-evident. Therefore, dense wells are found in some parts of Shaanxi Province, and some Mingqi wells with age and technical characteristics have been found. It can be said that these phenomena reflect the social changes, economic development and innovation of science and technology in Shaanxi at that time. Third, the auxiliary facilities of ancient wells. This chapter mainly from ancient wells supporting facilities and Shaanxi ancient wells supporting facilities described in detail. With the development of society, people are more and more aware of the importance of water cleanliness. As we all know, the types of wells are various, then according to different types of wells, its supporting facilities will also be different; even the same wells in different economic development and scientific and technological level conditions, its supporting facilities are also different. In order to understand the ancient wells, we must understand the facilities of the wells, including water collection tools, well facilities and so on. Fourth, the management measures of ancient wells. With the progress and development of the society and civilized life, the legal society has gradually become a mainstream of the development of the times. Therefore, for wells closely related to human production and life, its management measures are becoming more and more important. The main contents of this chapter include the setting distance of water wells in cities, the discharge measures of wells and the daily nursing of wells. In short, the ancient wells and their technology in China are constantly changing with the progress of society, the development of economy and the innovation of science and technology. Although the Chinese ancestors created countless civilizations, water wells and well technology played an absolutely important role in the history of Chinese civilization.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K878.4

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