“豕、彘、猪”的历史演替:基于出土简帛新材料
发布时间：2018-10-30 11:23
【摘要】：上古汉语具有"家畜猪"概念的词主要有三个,即"豕"、"彘"、"猪"。这三个词分别来源于上古方言和共同语,它们的共存体现了古汉语的层次性,它们的历史演变则呈现出此消彼长的局面。根据出土简帛材料,这三个词的竞争始于战国末期。到了秦代,由于语言政策的变化,"彘"成为官方认可的正式用词,而"猪"则被禁止使用。这一变化使得"猪"在秦统一后突然在文献中消失,直至东汉才恢复使用。但由于"猪"一直作为通语活跃在口语中,因此最后取代"豕"、"彘",成为表示"家畜猪"的唯一形式。
[Abstract]:In ancient Chinese, there were mainly three words with the concept of "livestock pig", namely "ragweed", "pig" and "pig". These three words come from ancient dialect and common language, their coexistence reflects the hierarchy of ancient Chinese, and their historical evolution presents a situation of rising and falling. According to the unearthed bamboo slips, the competition for these three words began in the late warring States period. By the Qin Dynasty, due to changes in language policy, "pig" was officially accepted as a formal term, while "pig" was banned. This change led to the sudden disappearance of the pig in the literature after the unification of the Qin Dynasty and the resumption of its use in the Eastern Han Dynasty. But because "pig" has always been active in spoken language as a general language, it has finally replaced "ragweed" and "pig" as the only form of expression for "domestic pig".
【作者单位】： 西南大学文学院;西南大学汉语言文献所;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目(11xzs001)
【分类号】：K877.5
[Abstract]:In ancient Chinese, there were mainly three words with the concept of "livestock pig", namely "ragweed", "pig" and "pig". These three words come from ancient dialect and common language, their coexistence reflects the hierarchy of ancient Chinese, and their historical evolution presents a situation of rising and falling. According to the unearthed bamboo slips, the competition for these three words began in the late warring States period. By the Qin Dynasty, due to changes in language policy, "pig" was officially accepted as a formal term, while "pig" was banned. This change led to the sudden disappearance of the pig in the literature after the unification of the Qin Dynasty and the resumption of its use in the Eastern Han Dynasty. But because "pig" has always been active in spoken language as a general language, it has finally replaced "ragweed" and "pig" as the only form of expression for "domestic pig".
【作者单位】： 西南大学文学院;西南大学汉语言文献所;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目(11xzs001)
【分类号】：K877.5
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