殷商和西周甲骨钻凿异同探析

发布时间：2018-12-12 07:16

【摘要】：殷商和西周甲骨钻凿方面存在很多异同之处,主要表现在甲骨攻治、钻凿工具和钻凿形态三个方面。在甲骨攻治方面,龟腹甲较多地用于殷商和西周的占卜,而殷商占卜常用的龟背甲和牛肩胛骨,在西周却不多用;殷商和西周卜骨使用的不同之处,在于骨臼和骨扇上下位置的颠倒。在钻凿工具方面,圆头钻子和长形尖头凿子都曾被殷商和西周使用,而殷商钻凿使用的椭圆形凿子、长方形凿子和挖刻刀,在西周时期却不多用。在钻凿形态方面,殷商时期最常见的钻凿形态是椭圆形长凿与圆孔互包型;单独椭圆型、单独圆孔型盛行于殷商和西周,而卜甲方凿是西周甲骨钻凿形态的最大特色。
[Abstract]:There are many similarities and differences between Yin Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty in oracle bone drilling, mainly in three aspects: oracle bone drilling, drilling tools and drilling form. In the aspect of attacking and treating the oracle bones, the tortoise abdominal armour was mostly used in the divination of Yin Shang and the Western Zhou Dynasty, but the tortoise shell and the scapula of the ox which were commonly used in the Shang Dynasty were not used much in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The difference between Yin Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty in the use of bones lies in the upside-down of the bone acetabulum and bone fan. In the aspect of drilling tools, the round head drill and the long pointed chisel were used by Yin Shang and the Western Zhou Dynasty, but the elliptical chisel, rectangular chisel and digging knife used in Yin Shang drilling were not used much in the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the aspect of drilling form, the most common form of drilling in Yin and Shang dynasties is elliptical long chisel and round hole, while the single elliptical, single round hole is popular in Yin Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty, and Boda chisel is the biggest characteristic of oracle drilling in Western Zhou Dynasty.
【作者单位】：河南师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(14YJA790083) 河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2013BLS011)
【分类号】：K877.1

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