河南出土汉代陶塑动物研究
发布时间：2019-03-07 20:42
【摘要】：陶塑动物作为两汉墓葬随葬陶俑中非常重要的一类,在河南各个地区均有发现。这些陶器模型既代表了人类观念上的进步和社会制度的巨大变革,又模拟着当时的物质生活状况,反映出一个理想家园的一般模式。因此,研究汉代陶塑动物,剖析汉代陶塑动物大量出现的原因,对于研究汉代社会农业生产水平、生活习俗、审美情趣、丧葬制度,以及更深层次的认识汉代思想文化内涵有着重要的意义和作用。 本文收录了河南121座汉代墓葬中出土的陶塑动物俑,依据动物种类将其分为陶家禽家畜类、陶非驯养类以及陶神兽类动物俑三类,依据美术考古的方法按照其雕塑姿态分型进行研究,并在此基础上得出河南地区汉代陶塑动物的时空分布特点。西汉早中期为萌芽期,这一时期的汉墓中出土陶塑动物数量较少,品种较单一,出土地区以新乡和南阳为主,艺术风格明显地继承了秦代陶塑艺术的风格特征。西汉中期至东汉早期为发展期,这一时期陶塑动物的出土数量大幅增加,题材广泛,制作技艺逐渐成熟,类型也趋于多元化,家禽家畜类动物仍占主流地位,一些人们臆测中具有神力的动物也开始出现。东汉中期至晚期为陶塑动物的繁荣期,这一时期伴随着庄园经济的大规模发展,社会生活富足安定,明器的制作也围绕谷粮满仓,六畜兴旺等题材进行。陶塑动物模型广泛分布于河南各个地区,野生动物及“祥禽瑞兽”较东汉早期更多出现,动物型器皿也更为广泛的出土于墓葬之中,表现出浓郁的社会自然生活气息。不仅从内容上丰富了汉代陶塑动物,也从功能上实现了创新。 两汉时期正处于社会变革之中,丧葬制度既继承了秦朝随葬俑的体制,又在“事死如事生”的丧葬理念影响下有所发扬,既满足了墓主人对物质的占有欲,又符合了当时社会提倡薄葬的要求。汉代动物陶塑作品是汉代陶塑艺术的一个重要组成部分,各种各样陶塑动物艺术形象的定位和发展,在陶塑史上起到了承前启后、继往开来的作用,在一定程度上体现了汉文化统一多样的特征。
[Abstract]:As a very important kind of pottery figurines in Han Dynasty and Han Dynasty, pottery animals have been found in all areas of Henan Province. These pottery models not only represent the progress of human conception and the great change of social system, but also simulate the material living conditions at that time, and reflect the general pattern of an ideal home. Therefore, the study of the Han Dynasty pottery animals, analysis of the causes of the emergence of a large number of pottery animals in the Han Dynasty, for the study of the social agricultural production level, life customs, aesthetic interest, funeral system, And a deeper understanding of the ideological and cultural connotation of the Han Dynasty has an important significance and role. In this paper, 121 pottery figurines unearthed in Han Dynasty tombs in Henan province were collected and classified into three categories according to animal species: pottery poultry and livestock, pottery non-domestication and pottery god animal figurines. According to the method of art archaeology, according to the classification of sculpture posture, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of pottery animals in the Han Dynasty in Henan Province were obtained. In the early and middle period of the Western Han Dynasty, the number of pottery animals unearthed in Han tombs was relatively small and the variety was relatively single. The unearthed areas were mainly Xinxiang and Nanyang, and the artistic style inherited obviously the style characteristics of the pottery art of the Qin Dynasty. From the middle of the Western Han Dynasty to the early stage of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the number of pottery animals unearthed in this period increased significantly, the subjects were wide, the production techniques were gradually mature, and the types tended to be diversified, and poultry and livestock still occupied the mainstream position. Some speculated creatures of divine power are also beginning to appear. The middle to late Eastern Han Dynasty is the prosperous period of pottery animals. This period is accompanied by the large-scale development of manor economy, the prosperity and stability of social life, and the production of Ming utensils around the whole barn of grain and the flourishing of six animals. Pottery animal models are widely distributed in various areas of Henan Province, wildlife and "Xiangfengrui" appeared more than in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, animal-shaped utensils were also more widely unearthed in the tombs, showing a rich atmosphere of social natural life. From the content not only enriched the Han Dynasty pottery animals, but also from the function to achieve innovation. The period of the Han Dynasty was in the process of social reform. The funeral system not only inherited the system of the Qin Dynasty, but also carried forward under the influence of the funeral idea of "death as if it had been done", which satisfied the owner's desire for material possession. In line with the requirements of the society at that time to promote thin burial. The pottery works of the Han Dynasty were an important part of the pottery art of the Han Dynasty. The positioning and development of all kinds of ceramic animal art images played the role of linking the past to the future and opening the way to the future in the history of pottery. To a certain extent, it embodies the characteristics of the unity and diversity of Chinese culture.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K876.3
本文编号：2436444
[Abstract]:As a very important kind of pottery figurines in Han Dynasty and Han Dynasty, pottery animals have been found in all areas of Henan Province. These pottery models not only represent the progress of human conception and the great change of social system, but also simulate the material living conditions at that time, and reflect the general pattern of an ideal home. Therefore, the study of the Han Dynasty pottery animals, analysis of the causes of the emergence of a large number of pottery animals in the Han Dynasty, for the study of the social agricultural production level, life customs, aesthetic interest, funeral system, And a deeper understanding of the ideological and cultural connotation of the Han Dynasty has an important significance and role. In this paper, 121 pottery figurines unearthed in Han Dynasty tombs in Henan province were collected and classified into three categories according to animal species: pottery poultry and livestock, pottery non-domestication and pottery god animal figurines. According to the method of art archaeology, according to the classification of sculpture posture, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of pottery animals in the Han Dynasty in Henan Province were obtained. In the early and middle period of the Western Han Dynasty, the number of pottery animals unearthed in Han tombs was relatively small and the variety was relatively single. The unearthed areas were mainly Xinxiang and Nanyang, and the artistic style inherited obviously the style characteristics of the pottery art of the Qin Dynasty. From the middle of the Western Han Dynasty to the early stage of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the number of pottery animals unearthed in this period increased significantly, the subjects were wide, the production techniques were gradually mature, and the types tended to be diversified, and poultry and livestock still occupied the mainstream position. Some speculated creatures of divine power are also beginning to appear. The middle to late Eastern Han Dynasty is the prosperous period of pottery animals. This period is accompanied by the large-scale development of manor economy, the prosperity and stability of social life, and the production of Ming utensils around the whole barn of grain and the flourishing of six animals. Pottery animal models are widely distributed in various areas of Henan Province, wildlife and "Xiangfengrui" appeared more than in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, animal-shaped utensils were also more widely unearthed in the tombs, showing a rich atmosphere of social natural life. From the content not only enriched the Han Dynasty pottery animals, but also from the function to achieve innovation. The period of the Han Dynasty was in the process of social reform. The funeral system not only inherited the system of the Qin Dynasty, but also carried forward under the influence of the funeral idea of "death as if it had been done", which satisfied the owner's desire for material possession. In line with the requirements of the society at that time to promote thin burial. The pottery works of the Han Dynasty were an important part of the pottery art of the Han Dynasty. The positioning and development of all kinds of ceramic animal art images played the role of linking the past to the future and opening the way to the future in the history of pottery. To a certain extent, it embodies the characteristics of the unity and diversity of Chinese culture.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K876.3
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