新疆营盘出土纺织纤维及其老化状况研究
发布时间：2019-03-14 12:30
【摘要】： 新疆一直是纺织考古出土品的关键地。由于这里干燥的自然环境,使大量的纺织品得以完好的保存下来。由于这里特殊的地理位置,使这里出土的纺织品承载着丝绸之路上文化交流的信息。1995年12月,在新疆罗布荒漠西北、美丽的孔雀河北岸汉晋时期的营盘墓地出土了一具彩绘木棺,棺中的营盘美男,震惊考古界。营盘墓地的发掘成果被评为“1997年度全国十大考古发现”之一。营盘墓地同时出土了大量精美的纺织品,这批出土纺织品所用纤维原料丰富,织物组织品种多,织物纹样兼有中西风格,并且此批织物出土时色彩丰富、色泽鲜亮。 目前,对营盘出土纺织品的研究主要织物纹样风格题材的研究,对营盘出土纺织品所用纤维的特征及老化状况的研究国内目前基本上还是空白。因此,本课题从营盘出土纺织品原材料即纺织纤维的角度,对新疆营盘出土的一批纺织品进行了分析。分别对营盘出土的丝纤维、毛纤维和棉纤维进行了测试分析。本研究主要从两个方面着手,一是纤维品种的判定;二是纤维老化状况分析和老化原因的初步探讨。 首先,对新疆营盘出土的30个样品进行了纤维品种判定,确定纤维品种归属。主要采用纤维形貌特征分析和红外光谱比对相结合的方法,来鉴别纤维。通过测试分析表明:所得30个样品中,所采用的原料主要是丝纤维、毛纤维、棉纤维。其中,丝纤维包括家蚕丝、野桑蚕丝,绵线混合丝采用桑蚕丝和野桑蚕丝。毛纤维主要是羊毛(细绒毛)。结合纤维形貌特征和史料记载,营盘出土的棉织物所用纤维应是草棉。 其次,对30个样品的老化状况进行了测试分析。主要采用形貌分析和红外光谱分析等分析方法。分析结果表明:营盘出土丝纤维发生降解,纤维出现综合断口,纤维结晶度增加,甘氨酸含量下降,热分解温度下降。营盘出土毛纤维发生降解,纤维鳞片层被侵蚀,二硫键出现断裂,胱氨酸氧化为磺基丙氨酸。营盘出土棉纤维保存状况比丝纤维和毛纤维好,纤维断口少,由于氧六环的稳定性,营盘出土棉纤维化学性质并没有发生明显的变化。 另外,通过观察也发现,营盘出土的绵线织物有其特色,多加有极强的Z捻。营盘出土}类毛织物,色泽鲜艳,色彩丰富,为古代染料的研究提供了极好的素材。 本论文对新疆营盘出土纺织品所采用的丝纤维、毛纤维、棉纤维的具体品种和老化降解状况进行了分析。建立了科学的纺织纤维仪器鉴定方法,对纺织文物的保护工作提供理论依据,避免容易使文物产生老化的环境因素,从而延缓文物损坏,使之能够长期保存。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang has always been the key to textile archaeological excavations. As a result of the dry natural environment, a large number of textiles can be preserved in good condition. Due to its special geographical location, the textiles unearthed here carry information on cultural exchanges on the Silk Road. In December 1995, in the northwest of the Rob Desert in Xinjiang, The beautiful Yingpan cemetery on the north bank of the Peacock River unearthed a painted wooden sarcophagus, which shocked the archeological world. The excavation of Yingpan Cemetery was rated as one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in China in 1997. At the same time, a large number of fine textiles were unearthed in Yingpan cemetery. The unearthed textiles were rich in fiber raw materials, many kinds of fabric weave, fabric patterns and Chinese and western styles, and this batch of fabrics was rich in color and bright in color when it was unearthed. At present, the research on the main theme of fabric pattern style and the characteristics and aging status of the fibers used in Yingpan unearthed textiles are basically blank in our country. Therefore, this paper analyzes a batch of textiles unearthed in Xinjiang from the point of view of the raw material of the textile unearthed in Yingpan, that is, textile fiber. The silk fiber, wool fiber and cotton fiber unearthed in Yingpan were tested and analyzed. This study mainly starts from two aspects, one is the determination of fiber varieties, the other is the analysis of fiber aging status and the preliminary discussion of aging reasons. First of all, 30 samples unearthed in Yingpan, Xinjiang, were judged for fiber varieties, and the classification of fiber varieties was determined. Fiber morphology analysis and infrared spectrum comparison were used to identify the fiber. The results show that the raw materials used in the 30 samples are silk fiber, wool fiber and cotton fiber. Among them, silk fibers include home silk, wild mulberry silk, wool mixed silk with mulberry silk and wild mulberry silk. Wool fiber is mainly wool (fine wool). Combined with the characteristics of fiber morphology and historical records, the cotton fabric unearthed in Yingpan should be made of straw cotton. Secondly, the aging status of 30 samples was tested and analyzed. The morphology analysis and infrared spectrum analysis were used. The results showed that the silk fibers unearthed in Yingpan were degraded, the fiber appeared a comprehensive fracture, the crystallinity of the fibers increased, the glycine content decreased, and the thermal decomposition temperature decreased. The fiber was degraded, the scale layer of the fiber was eroded, the disulfide bond was broken and cystine was oxidized to sulfoalanine. The cotton fiber unearthed in Yingpan has better preservation condition than silk fiber and wool fiber, and the fiber fracture is less. Due to the stability of oxygen hexane, the chemical properties of cotton fiber unearthed in Yingpan have not changed obviously. In addition, the observation also found that the cotton fabric unearthed in Yingpan has its own characteristics, with strong Z-twist. Yingpan unearthed wool fabric, bright color, rich color, for the study of ancient dyes provide excellent materials. In this paper, the specific varieties and aging degradation of silk fiber, wool fiber and cotton fiber used in Xinjiang Yingpan unearthed textiles were analyzed. A scientific method for the identification of textile fiber instruments is established to provide a theoretical basis for the protection of textile cultural relics, to avoid the environmental factors which are easy to cause aging of the cultural relics, so as to delay the damage of the cultural relics and enable them to be preserved for a long time.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K876
本文编号：2439979
[Abstract]:Xinjiang has always been the key to textile archaeological excavations. As a result of the dry natural environment, a large number of textiles can be preserved in good condition. Due to its special geographical location, the textiles unearthed here carry information on cultural exchanges on the Silk Road. In December 1995, in the northwest of the Rob Desert in Xinjiang, The beautiful Yingpan cemetery on the north bank of the Peacock River unearthed a painted wooden sarcophagus, which shocked the archeological world. The excavation of Yingpan Cemetery was rated as one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in China in 1997. At the same time, a large number of fine textiles were unearthed in Yingpan cemetery. The unearthed textiles were rich in fiber raw materials, many kinds of fabric weave, fabric patterns and Chinese and western styles, and this batch of fabrics was rich in color and bright in color when it was unearthed. At present, the research on the main theme of fabric pattern style and the characteristics and aging status of the fibers used in Yingpan unearthed textiles are basically blank in our country. Therefore, this paper analyzes a batch of textiles unearthed in Xinjiang from the point of view of the raw material of the textile unearthed in Yingpan, that is, textile fiber. The silk fiber, wool fiber and cotton fiber unearthed in Yingpan were tested and analyzed. This study mainly starts from two aspects, one is the determination of fiber varieties, the other is the analysis of fiber aging status and the preliminary discussion of aging reasons. First of all, 30 samples unearthed in Yingpan, Xinjiang, were judged for fiber varieties, and the classification of fiber varieties was determined. Fiber morphology analysis and infrared spectrum comparison were used to identify the fiber. The results show that the raw materials used in the 30 samples are silk fiber, wool fiber and cotton fiber. Among them, silk fibers include home silk, wild mulberry silk, wool mixed silk with mulberry silk and wild mulberry silk. Wool fiber is mainly wool (fine wool). Combined with the characteristics of fiber morphology and historical records, the cotton fabric unearthed in Yingpan should be made of straw cotton. Secondly, the aging status of 30 samples was tested and analyzed. The morphology analysis and infrared spectrum analysis were used. The results showed that the silk fibers unearthed in Yingpan were degraded, the fiber appeared a comprehensive fracture, the crystallinity of the fibers increased, the glycine content decreased, and the thermal decomposition temperature decreased. The fiber was degraded, the scale layer of the fiber was eroded, the disulfide bond was broken and cystine was oxidized to sulfoalanine. The cotton fiber unearthed in Yingpan has better preservation condition than silk fiber and wool fiber, and the fiber fracture is less. Due to the stability of oxygen hexane, the chemical properties of cotton fiber unearthed in Yingpan have not changed obviously. In addition, the observation also found that the cotton fabric unearthed in Yingpan has its own characteristics, with strong Z-twist. Yingpan unearthed wool fabric, bright color, rich color, for the study of ancient dyes provide excellent materials. In this paper, the specific varieties and aging degradation of silk fiber, wool fiber and cotton fiber used in Xinjiang Yingpan unearthed textiles were analyzed. A scientific method for the identification of textile fiber instruments is established to provide a theoretical basis for the protection of textile cultural relics, to avoid the environmental factors which are easy to cause aging of the cultural relics, so as to delay the damage of the cultural relics and enable them to be preserved for a long time.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K876
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 刘辉;;汉晋时期纺织品研究的回顾[J];中国科技史杂志;2013年02期
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 彭婕;我国南方地区不同年代出土纺织品对比研究[D];浙江理工大学;2012年
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