湖北郧县余嘴2号旧石器地点石器研究
发布时间：2019-05-10 09:52
【摘要】：本文介绍了余嘴2号地点的发掘概况和形成过程,在石器分类研究的基础上对石器原料、技术与石制品组合进行分析,讨论相应的人类行为。并在石器实验基础上对砍砸器进行研究,同时综合周边遗址的发现探讨汉水流域河谷地区旧石器时代人类的适应特征。 余嘴2号旧石器地点地处汉江上游北岸二级阶地。遗址发掘面积共500平方米,出土石器334件。余嘴2号地点的地层从上到下可以分为四层,第①层和第②层出土的石器较少,且根据对地层的观察,为第③层扰动所致,大量的石器出自第③层红褐色粘土层中,第④层未见石器。 余嘴2号地点所处的阶地主要是河流下切侵蚀作用形成的。阶地形成后,除了古人类本身对遗址的改造外,此处至少存在三次扰动过程:①遗存形成之初的流水搬运与磨蚀;②历史时期的干扰;③近现代的农耕活动。根据石器的平剖面分布分析,石器在遗址东部分布最密集,即砾石条带范围,西部也发现了一定数量的石器,中部石器分布比较稀疏,仅发现少量断块和碎屑。这样的分布特点可能是由人类活动程度造成的,东部离砾石条带更近的区域和西部地势较平缓的区域活动频率更高;也可能是流水的冲刷,把东部一些较轻的石器冲到了地势较低的西部,中部反而最少。 余嘴2号地点的石器原料以石英为主,角页岩和砂岩其次,另有少量碎屑岩和页岩。剥片方法为锤击法。工具加工方式以正向加工为主。修理方法以锤击修理为主,工具毛坯以块状毛坯为主,片状毛坯利用率较低。石器组合包括石核、石片、断块、断片、打片砾石和部分工具,其中的非成品最多,断块、断片和碎屑分别约占42%、19%、14%。工具约占11%,石核、石片的比例分别为5.7%、5.1%。工具类型包括砍砸器、刮削器、尖状器、薄刃斧和手镐5类。其中砍砸器最多,刮削器次之,尖状器、手镐和薄刃斧的比例都较低。 余嘴2号地点缺乏适用的具体测年样本,故没有绝对年代数据。根据汉水流域的阶地研究成果,广泛分布的红土阶地应可能是中更新世的产物,而二级阶地被归入晚更新世。余嘴2号地点位于二级阶地,故可归入晚更新世早期。 石器实验分为复制实验和使用实验两部分。利用当地的石料复制砍砸器,结合与遗址出土砍砸器的对比分析,讨论砍砸器的选料特征、制作工艺、使用状况以及工具的基本性质。实验表明:砍砸器的选料、制作与使用体现出便利合用的原则,反映了其作为即用即弃工具的基本性质。 根据周边汉水流域遗址的发现进行分析,综合汉水流域的地理生态环境、动物群和石器工业特点,本文认为在汉水流域的古人有四种适应类型,余嘴2号地点接近郧县人类型。
[Abstract]:This paper introduces the general situation and formation process of Yuzui No. 2 site, analyzes the combination of stone raw materials, technology and stone products on the basis of the classification of stone tools, and discusses the corresponding human behavior. On the basis of stone tool experiment, the smashing device is studied, and the adaptive characteristics of Paleolithic human beings in Hanshui River valley area are discussed based on the discovery of surrounding sites. Yuzui No. 2 Paleolithic site is located in the second terraces on the north bank of the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. The site was excavated in a total area of 500 square meters, with 334 pieces of earthwork and stone tools. The strata at Yuzui No. 2 can be divided into four layers from top to bottom. There are few stone tools unearthed in the first layer and the second layer, and according to the observation of the strata, it is caused by the disturbance of the third layer, and a large number of stone tools come from the third layer of reddish-brown clay layer. There are no stone tools on the fourth floor. The terraces at Yuzui 2 are mainly formed by river downcut erosion. After the formation of terraces, in addition to the reconstruction of the site by the ancient human beings themselves, there are at least three disturbance processes here: (1) the transportation and erosion of water at the beginning of the formation of the remains; (2) the interference in the historical period; and (3) the farming activities in modern times. According to the analysis of the horizontal section distribution of stone tools, the stone tools are the most dense in the eastern part of the site, that is, the gravel belt range, a certain number of stone tools are also found in the west, and only a small number of fault blocks and debris are found in the middle of the stone tools. This distribution may be caused by the degree of human activity, and the region closer to the gravel belt in the east and the region with a flat terrain in the west have a higher frequency of activity. It may also be the scour of the water, washing some of the lighter stone tools in the east to the lower west, but the least in the middle. The stone materials of Yuzui 2 are mainly quartz, followed by angle shale and sandstone, and a small amount of clastic rock and shale. The method of stripping is hammering. The machining mode of tools is mainly forward machining. The repair method is mainly hammered repair, the tool blank is mainly block blank, and the utilization rate of flake blank is low. Stone assemblages include stone core, stone sheet, fault block, fragment, gravel and some tools, among which the non-finished product is the most, the fault block, fragment and debris account for about 42%, 19% and 14%, respectively. Tools accounted for about 11%, stone core, stone slices accounted for 5.7%, 5.1%. Tool types include smashing, scraping, pointed, thin-edged axe and pickaxe. Among them, the proportion of smashing device is the most, scraping device is the second, sharp device, pickaxe and thin blade axe are lower. Yuzui 2 site lacks suitable specific dating samples, so there is no absolute chronological data. According to the research results of terraces in Hanshui River Basin, the widely distributed laterite terraces should be the product of the Middle Pleistocene, while the secondary terraces should be classified into the late Pleistocene. Yuzui 2 is located in the second terraces, so it can be subsumed into the early late Pleistocene. The stone tool experiment is divided into two parts: replication experiment and usage experiment. By using the local stone to copy the smashing device, combined with the comparative analysis of the smashing device unearthed from the site, the material selection characteristics, manufacturing technology, use condition and the basic properties of the tool are discussed. The experimental results show that the material selection, manufacture and use of the smashing device reflect the principle of convenience and combination, and reflect the basic properties of the chopper as a ready-to-use disposable tool. According to the discovery of the surrounding Hanshui River Basin sites, combined with the geographical and ecological environment, fauna and stone industry characteristics of the Hanshui River Basin, this paper holds that there are four types of adaptation to the ancients in the Hanshui River Basin, and Yuzui No. 2 site is close to the Yunxian human type.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K876.2
本文编号：2473557
[Abstract]:This paper introduces the general situation and formation process of Yuzui No. 2 site, analyzes the combination of stone raw materials, technology and stone products on the basis of the classification of stone tools, and discusses the corresponding human behavior. On the basis of stone tool experiment, the smashing device is studied, and the adaptive characteristics of Paleolithic human beings in Hanshui River valley area are discussed based on the discovery of surrounding sites. Yuzui No. 2 Paleolithic site is located in the second terraces on the north bank of the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. The site was excavated in a total area of 500 square meters, with 334 pieces of earthwork and stone tools. The strata at Yuzui No. 2 can be divided into four layers from top to bottom. There are few stone tools unearthed in the first layer and the second layer, and according to the observation of the strata, it is caused by the disturbance of the third layer, and a large number of stone tools come from the third layer of reddish-brown clay layer. There are no stone tools on the fourth floor. The terraces at Yuzui 2 are mainly formed by river downcut erosion. After the formation of terraces, in addition to the reconstruction of the site by the ancient human beings themselves, there are at least three disturbance processes here: (1) the transportation and erosion of water at the beginning of the formation of the remains; (2) the interference in the historical period; and (3) the farming activities in modern times. According to the analysis of the horizontal section distribution of stone tools, the stone tools are the most dense in the eastern part of the site, that is, the gravel belt range, a certain number of stone tools are also found in the west, and only a small number of fault blocks and debris are found in the middle of the stone tools. This distribution may be caused by the degree of human activity, and the region closer to the gravel belt in the east and the region with a flat terrain in the west have a higher frequency of activity. It may also be the scour of the water, washing some of the lighter stone tools in the east to the lower west, but the least in the middle. The stone materials of Yuzui 2 are mainly quartz, followed by angle shale and sandstone, and a small amount of clastic rock and shale. The method of stripping is hammering. The machining mode of tools is mainly forward machining. The repair method is mainly hammered repair, the tool blank is mainly block blank, and the utilization rate of flake blank is low. Stone assemblages include stone core, stone sheet, fault block, fragment, gravel and some tools, among which the non-finished product is the most, the fault block, fragment and debris account for about 42%, 19% and 14%, respectively. Tools accounted for about 11%, stone core, stone slices accounted for 5.7%, 5.1%. Tool types include smashing, scraping, pointed, thin-edged axe and pickaxe. Among them, the proportion of smashing device is the most, scraping device is the second, sharp device, pickaxe and thin blade axe are lower. Yuzui 2 site lacks suitable specific dating samples, so there is no absolute chronological data. According to the research results of terraces in Hanshui River Basin, the widely distributed laterite terraces should be the product of the Middle Pleistocene, while the secondary terraces should be classified into the late Pleistocene. Yuzui 2 is located in the second terraces, so it can be subsumed into the early late Pleistocene. The stone tool experiment is divided into two parts: replication experiment and usage experiment. By using the local stone to copy the smashing device, combined with the comparative analysis of the smashing device unearthed from the site, the material selection characteristics, manufacturing technology, use condition and the basic properties of the tool are discussed. The experimental results show that the material selection, manufacture and use of the smashing device reflect the principle of convenience and combination, and reflect the basic properties of the chopper as a ready-to-use disposable tool. According to the discovery of the surrounding Hanshui River Basin sites, combined with the geographical and ecological environment, fauna and stone industry characteristics of the Hanshui River Basin, this paper holds that there are four types of adaptation to the ancients in the Hanshui River Basin, and Yuzui No. 2 site is close to the Yunxian human type.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K876.2
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 潘俊杰;百色手斧研究[D];广西师范大学;2013年
，本文编号：2473557
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/kgx/2473557.html
