从墓葬考古看楚汉文化的传承

发布时间：2019-06-10 21:41

【摘要】：汉制形成及其与六国文化的传承、演变关系是秦汉史研究的重要课题之一。日益丰富的考古资料业已表明,在社会文化、风俗领域,汉制其实多沿袭传统楚文化的内容。具体到丧葬礼俗而言,汉人便吸取了楚国礼制中独有的偶鼎制度作为丧葬明器的制作范式之一,同时多采用战国楚地盛行的绞衾仪式敛葬死者,与玉衣制度形成等级差别。在棺椁的层数与营造方式上,汉人亦借鉴楚地的多重棺椁制度及椁箱分室系统来标示身份的高低。由此表明,汉王朝实则已将传统楚制纳入到国家礼制的建设层面,由此尝试构建新的社会等级物化标识。另一方面,近来在湖北云梦睡虎地出土的西汉初年"葬律简"上亦有关于上述丧葬礼俗的约束条款,可见汉人又是以法律条文的形式来确保传统礼制的遵守和推行,这无疑是考察中国上古社会从礼制走向法治的一个重要窗口。
[Abstract]:The formation of Han system and its inheritance and evolution relationship with the culture of the six countries is one of the important topics in the study of Qin and Han history. Increasingly rich archaeological data have shown that in the field of social culture and customs, the Chinese system actually follows the content of traditional Chu culture. As far as funeral etiquette and custom are concerned, the Han people absorbed the unique tripod system in the ritual system of Chu as one of the production patterns of funeral Ming ware. At the same time, they mostly adopted the hanging quilt ceremony prevailing in the warring States period to collect and bury the dead, which was different from the jade clothing system. In terms of the number and construction of coffins, the Han people also drew lessons from the multiple coffin system and the coffin compartment system in Chu to mark the level of identity. This shows that the Han Dynasty has brought the traditional Chu system into the construction level of the national etiquette system, thus trying to construct a new social grade materialized logo. On the other hand, recently, in the early Western Han Dynasty, which was unearthed in Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger Land in Hubei Province, there were also binding clauses on the above funeral etiquette and customs. It can be seen that the Han people also ensured the observance and implementation of the traditional etiquette system in the form of legal provisions. This is undoubtedly an important window to examine the ancient Chinese society from etiquette to the rule of law.
【作者单位】：厦门大学历史系;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“东周青铜礼器使用制度研究”(2013CKG008)
【分类号】：K878.8

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