斯塔尔纳克的条件句思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 15:09

本文选题：斯塔尔纳克　切入点：绝对概率函数　出处：《云南师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：斯塔尔纳克（Robert Stalnaker），麻省理工大教授，研究领域为哲学逻辑、心灵哲学与语言哲学。当前关注的问题是可能世界模态语义学的哲学基础、条件句逻辑以及用这个分析框架澄清必然和可能、知识概念、普遍知识与相互信念、归纳推理、合理决策、模态与量化等形而上学问题。本文主要介绍斯塔尔纳克的条件句思想及其面临的困境。全文分为四章。第一章是斯塔尔纳克条件句思想的渊源。拉姆齐是第一个从根本上推翻客观概率论而明确提出主观概率的人。用一句话来讲，拉姆齐认为概率是人的主观信念的量度。第二章是斯塔尔纳克条件句逻辑的主要内容。分为绝对概率函数和反事实概率两节。斯塔尔纳克条件句逻辑使用了概率理论在条件句命题的分析，他的论证有三个步骤；每一个步骤都包括一个概率系统的解释。类似于奎因的模态包含的分级，斯塔尔纳克将称这个系统条件句包含的三个分级。第三章斯塔尔纳克条件句逻辑语义学。在1968年的《一个条件句理论》中，，提出了一个反事实条件句的形式可能世界语义学。斯塔尔纳克并没有考虑可断定性条件是否缺乏真值。他直接根据真来解释可断定性。第四章斯塔尔纳克条件句思想面临的困境和出路。斯塔尔纳克提出了一些最接近前件世界选择的合理方式的普通条件。这些条件产生了一种条件句逻辑。这个逻辑的许多特征非常符合条件句的特殊论证的语言直觉。这种条件句思想在解决Might-反事实条件句和排中律这两个问题时却碰到了困难。
[Abstract]:Starnacle Robert Stalnakern, a professor of science and technology in Massachusetts, studies philosophy logic, philosophy of mind and philosophy of language. The current concern is the philosophical basis of possible modal semantics in the world. Conditional logic and the use of this analytical framework to clarify necessity and possibility, knowledge concepts, universal knowledge and mutual beliefs, inductive reasoning, rational decision-making, This paper mainly introduces Stalnak's thought of conditional sentence and its predicament. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the origin of Stalnak's conditional sentence. Ramsey was the first person to put forward the subjective probability by overturning the objective probability theory. Ramsay believes that probability is a measure of one's subjective beliefs. The second chapter is the main content of Stalak conditional sentence logic, which is divided into two sections: absolute probability function and counterfactual probability. Stalak conditional logic uses probability theory to analyze the propositions of conditional sentences. There are three steps in his argumentation. Each step includes an explanation of a probabilistic system. Similar to Quinn's classification of modal inclusions, Stalnak will call the three levels contained in the system conditional sentence. Chapter III logical semantics of Stalak conditional sentences. In 1968, the Theory of one conditional sentence, A form of counterfactual conditional sentence may be presented in world semantics. Stannak does not consider whether the determinability condition lacks true value or not. He directly explains determinability according to truth. Chapter IV the dilemma and the way out of Starnak's conditional sentence. Stalnak puts forward some common conditions which are closest to the reasonable way chosen by the former world. These conditions produce a conditional logic. Many of the features of logic are very much in line with the linguistic intuition of the special argumentation of conditional sentences, which have encountered difficulties in solving the problems of Might- counterfactual conditionals and middle rules.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B81-06

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