逻辑经验主义的分析与综合命题理论述评

发布时间：2018-04-02 23:22

本文选题：逻辑经验主义　切入点：分析与综合命题　出处：《西南师范大学》2001年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文旨在探讨逻辑经验主义的分析与综合命题理论的来龙去脉，确定其在西方哲学史上的位置，以更正只见局部不见全局造成的错误；同时突出逻辑经验主义融分析哲学和科学哲学为一身的独特风貌。全文主要由三部分组成：一、简要介绍逻辑经验主义提出分析与综合命题理论的两点历史背景：现代逻辑运用于哲学和科学与形而上学的区分。弗雷格使数理逻辑蓬勃发展以致影响一般的哲学成为可能，罗素和维特根斯坦则使这种可能变成现实。罗素的摹状词理论给数理逻辑运用于研究哲学作出了榜样，维特根斯坦则是使逻辑经验主义采用逻辑方法去掉哲学争论的第一个人。科学和形而上学进步的剧烈反差促使逻辑经验主义思考它们间的区别何在；形而上学阻碍科学的发展，促使逻辑经验主义在划分科学和形而上学的传统方面进行新的尝试。二、论述逻辑经验主义发展分析与综合命题体系的历史过程。逻辑经验主义从扬弃康德的遗产入手，经过十几年的岁月逐步建立起分析与综合命题体系。体系建成后约十年，奎因对“分析的”批评诱发体系的划分从绝对走向相对的运动，完善了分析与综合命题体系。为找寻获取科学真理的正确道路，康德首先接受莱布尼茨和休谟的观点，在西方哲学史上第一次把判断明确地区分为分析判断和综合判断；然后又吸收先验论和经验论的成果，独创分析判断和综合判断之外的第三种判断——先天综合判断。分析与综合命题体系的构建分四步论述： 1．康德认为知识有两个来源，即先天和后天，逻辑经验主义则认为一切命题仅仅来源于经验，命题的效准才有先验和后验之别。作者批评人们把二者不加区别甚至混用的现象，并建议用先天、后天表示康德的观点，用先验和后验表示逻辑经验主义的观点。 2．逻辑经验主义运用逻辑手段避免康德的混乱划分，将命题明确地分为三类：分析命题、综合命题和形而上学命题。逻辑经验主义的分析命题、综合命题大大超出康德将分析判断、综合判断限于主谓形式的范围，避兔了康德的“包含于”这个停留在隐喻水平上的概念：形而上学命题没有真值，是无意义的，应该拒斥。其间作者使维特根斯坦对逻辑经验主义命题分类的显著影响得到体现；受卡尔纳普和奎因的启发，作者把分析命题分为三种：重言式命题、矛盾命题和替换命题。 3．逻辑经验主义否认康德的先天综合判断，试图建立“逻辑经验论”的理论基础，其理由有二：第一，康德混淆心理学标准和逻辑标准，成就了部分先天综合判断。第二，先天综合判断是为从哲学上说明当时的科学事实创造的，在它不能说明新的科学事实时，它就没有存在的理由。 4．康德把先天、分析分别与必然相连，后天、综合分别与偶然相连。逻辑经验主义则发扬逻辑的论证精神证明分析、先验和必然等同，，综合、后验和偶然等同。逻辑经验主义的证明过程由作者首次探讨。分析与综合命题体系的划分从绝对走向相对分两步论述： 1．奎因对“分析”定义的批评高瞻远瞩、一针见血，迫使逻辑经验主义把分析与综合命题体系的绝对划分改为相对划分。这激起人们对“分析”定义的不懈探索。 2．逻辑经验主义的有界线论战胜奎因的无界线论，维护了分析与综合命题体系的划分。三、首先重点阐述逻辑经验主义通过还原论和意义标准为分析与综合命题拒斥形而上学的职能辩护时，遇到重重困难。然后提及由于科学对形而上学的需求，逻辑经验主义停止先前的辩护，把兴趣放到形而上学如何有利于科学的研究上， “分析与综合命题拒斥形而上学的历史使命遂告结束。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to discuss the analysis of logical empiricism and the origin of the comprehensive propositional theory, and to determine it in the West.
The position in the history of Philosophy in order to correct the errors caused by a partial absence of the overall situation; and at the same time highlight the logical experience of the Lord.
The full text is composed of three parts: the philosophy of righteousness and the philosophy of science.
First, a brief introduction to the two points of historical background of the analysis of logical empiricism and the theory of comprehensive Propositional Theory: Modern
Logic is applied to the distinction between philosophy and science and metaphysics.
It is possible for Frege to flourish the mathematical logic so that the general philosophy is possible, Russell and Wittgenstein
Tan makes it likely to become a reality. The theory of Russell's description to mathematical logic used in the study of philosophy made
Example, Wittgenstein is the first person to use logical empiricism to use logical methods to remove philosophical arguments.
The sharp contrast of the progress of science and metaphysics has prompted logical empiricism to think about the differences between them;
Metaphysics hinders the development of science and encourages logical empiricism to divide the tradition of science and metaphysics.
Make a new attempt.
Two, the analysis of the development of logical empiricism and the historical process of a comprehensive propositional system. Logical empiricism
Starting with the heritage of Kant, after more than ten years of years, the analysis and comprehensive propositional system has been gradually established.
About ten years after the establishment of the Department, Quin's "analytical" criticism induced system was divided from absolute to relative movement.
The analysis and comprehensive propositional system have been perfected.
In order to find the right way to obtain scientific truth, Kant first accepted the views of Leibniz and Hume.
For the first time in the history of western philosophy, the definite areas of judgment were divided into analytical and comprehensive judgments, and then a priori was absorbed.
The results of the theory and the empiricism, the third judgments other than the original analytical judgment and the comprehensive judgment -- the innate comprehensive judgment
Broken.
The analysis and the construction of the comprehensive propositional system are divided into four steps:
1. Kant believes that there are two sources of knowledge, that is, innate and acquired, and logical empiricism considers all lives
A question is only from experience, and the validity of a proposition has a priori and a posteriori. The author criticize people to not add the two.
The phenomenon of distinguishing and even mixing is suggested, and it is suggested that Kant's point of view is expressed in nature, and the prior and posterior representation is expressed.
A logical empiricist view.
2. logic empiricism uses logical means to avoid Kant's confusion and divides the proposition into three.
Category: analytical propositions, comprehensive propositions and metaphysical propositions. The analytical propositions of logical empiricism and comprehensive propositions
It is far beyond Kant's analysis and judgment, and the comprehensive judgment is limited to the scope of the form of subject and predicate, and avoids the "inclusion of Kant".
The concept of "the metaphorical level": the metaphysical proposition has no true value and is meaningless.
In the meantime, the author makes Wittgenstein reflect on the significant influence of the classification of logical empiricism;
Inspired by Carnap and Quin, the author of the proposition is divided into three types: tautology proposition, proposition and contradiction for
Change the proposition.
3. logic empiricism denies Kant's comprehensive judgment and tries to establish the theory of "logical empiricism".
On the basis of the basis, there are two reasons for it. First, Kant confuses the psychological standards and logical standards, and has made a partial birth.
Comprehensive judgment. Second, the innate comprehensive judgment is created for the scientific facts of the time from the philosophical point of view.
When new scientific facts are not explained, there is no reason to exist.
4. Kant connects innate and analysis to necessity, and the day after the day, the synthesis is connected with contingency.
Empiricism develops logical demonstration, spiritual proof, analysis, transcendental and inexorable equivalence, synthesis, posteriori and contingency
The process of proof of logical empiricism is discussed by the author for the first time.
The division of analysis and comprehensive propositional system is divided from absolute to relative two steps.
1. Quin's criticism of the "analysis" definition is far sighted.
The absolute division of the analysis and the comprehensive propositional system is changed to the relative division. This arouses people's definition of "analysis".
Unremitting exploration.
2. the boundary line theory of logical empiricism defeated the unbounded line theory of Quin and maintained the analysis and synthesis proposition.
The division of the system.
Three, first of all, it focuses on the analysis of the logic empiricism and the comprehensive proposition through the analysis of the theory of reductionism and the standard of meaning.
There are many difficulties in the defense of metaphysics, and then the need for metaphysics because of science,
Logical empiricism discontinued the previous defence and put interest in metaphysics to the benefit of scientific research.
"The historical mission of the analysis and the comprehensive propositions to reject the metaphysics ended.

【学位授予单位】：西南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：B81-06;B812.22

【引证文献】