马克思劳动自由观研究

发布时间：2018-02-06 03:35

本文关键词： 马克思劳动自由　出处：《辽宁大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：马克思自由观是劳动自由观,这一自由思想超越了西方两千多年来理性主义自由观的传统。历史已经证明：单纯通过排除感性的方法来实现理性自由只是一种虚假的自由,理性要获得真正的自由就必须要以感性为基础,使理性回到人的身上成为感性活动的机能。因此,感性的自由才是人真正的自由,这一自由就是要确立人的感性活动的独立性和自由个性。要想对感性的自由进行彻底的分析,就必须要回到现实的物质生产劳动那里,因为劳动是人的一切感性活动的“基底样式”。近代启蒙运动的理性自由在现实上表现为“政治解放”,就是政治国家通过强制的方法排除一切现实差别而在政治生活中实现了公民权的自由,而现实的社会物质生活仍然处于不自由之中,这种不自由集中表现在劳动受资本的异化。所以,如何使劳动从资本的统治下解放出来就成了自由的主题。马克思以此展开了他的逻辑：劳动创造了人,劳动是人的本质特性,劳动确证了人的主体性,因而具有主体性的人应该是自由的。人本应生而自由,但在现实中却恰恰相反,人在劳动中并不是感觉到自由,而是感觉到普遍的不自由。为解决这一悖论,马克思对不自由的原因进行分析,发现劳动在资本主义私有制下表现为异化劳动,要实现人的自由,必须要扬弃异化劳动,而要扬弃异化劳动,只有在劳动生产力发展到一定水平,在生产力与生产关系的矛盾运动的中才能够解决。正是在这个意义上,马克思把劳动与人的自由联系起来,从而引出了本文的核心思想——“劳动自由”所谓“劳动自由”就是使人的才能和自然禀赋在劳动中能够得到充分的发挥,能够使人的主体性在劳动中充分的体现,人在劳动中确证自己的本质与才能,人才能在劳动中得到乐趣,劳动才是快乐的。没有自然和社会的条件强加给人的分工,只是简单出自于人本身的意愿和兴趣爱好,在这个时候人才是愉悦的,才能真正的实现自由。而这种自由如何实现,只能通过劳动来促进生产力的发展,超越资本主义历史阶段,消除资本主义私有制与异化劳动,使一切人获得自由全面发展。由此可见,自由问题的解决关键在于解决异化劳动的问题,自由问题就会转变为劳动自由的问题,只有从劳动入手才能解决自由问题。可以说,劳动自由思想承载马克思的最高社会理想和价值关怀。本文将以“马克思劳动自由观”为题,在解读马克思的论著基础上,厘定了马克思劳动自由观的理论来源,梳理了劳动自由观的形成过程,阐述了劳动自由的内涵,明晰了实现劳动自由的途径。
[Abstract]:Marx's concept of freedom is the view of labor freedom. This free thought surpasses the tradition of the western rationalism free view for more than 2,000 years. History has proved that the realization of rational freedom is only a kind of false freedom through the elimination of sensibility. If reason wants to obtain real freedom, it must be based on sensibility and make rational return to human body become the function of perceptual activity. Therefore, the freedom of sensibility is the real freedom of human being. This freedom is to establish the independence of human perceptual activities and free personality. In order to thoroughly analyze the perceptual freedom, we must return to the real material production labor. Because labor is the "basic style" of all perceptual activities of human beings, the rational freedom of the modern Enlightenment is manifested as "political liberation" in reality. It is that the political state realizes the freedom of civil rights in political life by means of compulsion to eliminate all the practical differences, while the real social material life is still not free. Therefore, how to liberate labor from the rule of capital became the theme of freedom. Marx carried out his logic: Labor created man. Labor is the essential characteristic of human beings, and labor confirms the subjectivity of human beings. Therefore, people with subjectivity should be free. People should be born free, but in reality, on the contrary, people do not feel freedom in labor. In order to solve this paradox, Marx analyzed the causes of non-freedom, and found that labor was manifested as alienated labor under capitalist private ownership and human freedom should be realized. It is in this sense that we must sublate the alienated labor and abandon the alienated labor only when the labor productivity develops to a certain level and the contradiction between the productive forces and the relations of production can be solved. Marx linked labor with human freedom, thus leading to the core idea of this article-"labor freedom" so called "labor freedom" is to enable people's talent and natural endowment in the labor can be fully played. Can make the human subjectivity in the labor fully manifest, in the labor, the person confirms own essence and the ability, the human ability obtains the pleasure in the labor. Work is happy. There is no natural and social conditions imposed on the division of labor, but simply out of the person's own will and interests, at this time talent is happy. Only through labor to promote the development of productive forces, beyond the historical stage of capitalism, to eliminate capitalist private ownership and alienation of labor. It can be seen that the key to solve the problem of freedom lies in solving the problem of alienation of labor, and the problem of freedom will be transformed into the problem of freedom of labor. Only from labor can we solve the problem of freedom. It can be said that the thought of labor freedom carries Marx's highest social ideal and value concern. Based on the interpretation of Marx's works, this paper defines the theoretical sources of Marx's concept of labor freedom, combs the forming process of the concept of labor freedom, expounds the connotation of labor freedom, and clarifies the ways to realize it.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：A811

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