马克思创新思想及其当代发展研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 20:12

本文选题：马克思 + 创新思想　；参考：《东北大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：马克思创新思想内涵丰富,寓意深刻。19世纪科技革命推动生产力迅速提高,资本主义制度的确立和发展及其基本矛盾的凸显,文艺复兴运动对人自由创造精神的彰显为马克思创新思想的形成提供了必要的社会条件；自然科学的快速发展,德国古典哲学及资产阶级古典经济学中与创新相关的理论是马克思创新思想形成的思想基础。马克思创新思想蕴含于《黑格尔法哲学批判》、《1844年经济学哲学手稿》、《哲学的贫困》、《共产党宣言》、《资本论》等著作中,经历了萌芽、发展和系统呈现的历史发展过程。马克思创新思想包括科技创新、制度创新、理论创新和文化创新等内容。马克思用“科学生产力”、“新机器”和“技术变革”等词语表达了具有现代意义的科技创新思想。科技创新包括科学原理转化为新的生产方法和新机器提高生产效率,应用新原材料、生产新产品和开拓新市场等手段提高企业经济收益,以及新技术的体系化和社会化等；马克思通过对资本主义企业制度变迁,资本主义信用制度、股份制度等分析和考察表达了其企业制度创新思想,通过对人类社会形态变迁的分析和考察,表达了其社会制度创新思想。企业制度创新是较高生产效率的制度形式代替较低生产效率的制度形式的过程,是资本家扩大剥削获得更多利益的手段,社会制度创新是新的更有利于生产力、社会和人的全面自由发展的社会制度代替旧的社会制度的过程；马克思在其唯物辩证法和历史唯物主义理论中表达了具有现代意义的理论创新思想。理论创新是对旧理论的批判和继承,结合历史和实践发展的新情况形成新的理论总结,具有能够指导实践、经受实践检验和真理性特征；马克思在其精神生产及文化交往理论中表达了具有现代意义的文化创新思想。文化创新与社会物质生产发展是辩证统一的,社会物质生产决定文化创新,文化创新反作用于社会物质生产,影响或推动其发展,文化创新还具有自为发展特征,马克思主张发扬民族传统文化、吸收和借鉴外来文化合理成分、保持世界文化多样性,以文化创新影响和推动人类社会的全面发展。马克思创新思想是全面系统的逻辑体系,唯物辩证法和历史唯物主义是其哲学基础,具有鲜明的系统性、实践性和批判性特征。马克思创新思想对熊彼特和诺斯关于创新主体、创新动力和创新发展等创新理论产生了重要影响。毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民和胡锦涛在继承马克思创新思想的基础上结合中国具体革命和实践形成了中国化马克思创新思想体系,包括创新发展基础论、持续发展动力论、民族发展灵魂论和科学发展战略论等,具有鲜明的继承性、时代性、实践性、开放性和前瞻性特征。
[Abstract]:Marx's innovation thought has rich connotation and profound implication. The revolution of science and technology in the 19th century promoted the rapid improvement of productive forces, and the establishment and development of capitalist system and its basic contradictions became prominent. The Renaissance's display of the spirit of man's free creation provided the necessary social conditions for the formation of Marx's innovative ideas, and the rapid development of natural science, The theory related to innovation in German classical philosophy and bourgeois classical economics is the ideological foundation of Marx's innovation thought formation. Marx's innovative thought is contained in his works such as criticism of Hegel's philosophy of Law, manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844, Poverty of philosophy, Manifesto of the Communist Party, Capital, and so on. Marx's innovative ideas include scientific and technological innovation, institutional innovation, theoretical innovation and cultural innovation. Marx expressed the scientific and technological innovation thought with the words of "scientific productivity", "new machine" and "technological change". Scientific and technological innovation includes the transformation of scientific principles into new production methods and new machines to improve production efficiency, the application of new raw materials, the production of new products and the development of new markets to improve the economic benefits of enterprises, as well as the systematization and socialization of new technologies. Marx expressed his idea of innovation of enterprise system by analyzing and investigating the changes of capitalist enterprise system, capitalist credit system and stock system, and through the analysis and investigation of the changes of human social formation, Expressed its social system innovation thought. The innovation of enterprise system is the process of replacing the system form of lower production efficiency with higher production efficiency, and is the means for capitalists to expand exploitation to gain more benefits, and the innovation of social system is new and more favorable to productive forces. The process of replacing the old social system with the social system of all-round and free development of society and man, and Marx's theory of theoretical innovation with modern significance expressed in his materialist dialectics and historical materialism theory. Theoretical innovation is the criticism and inheritance of the old theory, combining with the new situation of historical and practical development to form a new theoretical summary, which has the characteristics of guiding practice, being tested by practice and truth. Marx expressed his cultural innovation thought with modern significance in his theory of spiritual production and cultural communication. The cultural innovation and the social material production development are dialectical unity, the social material production decides the cultural innovation, the cultural innovation counteracts to the social material production, influences or impels its development, the cultural innovation also has the own development characteristic. Marx advocated carrying forward the traditional national culture, absorbing and drawing lessons from the reasonable elements of foreign culture, maintaining the diversity of world culture, and influencing and promoting the all-round development of human society with cultural innovation. Marx's idea of innovation is a comprehensive and systematic logical system, and materialist dialectics and historical materialism are its philosophical basis, with distinct systematic, practical and critical characteristics. Marx's innovation thought has an important influence on Schumpeter and North's innovation theory about innovation subject, innovation motive force and innovation development. On the basis of inheriting Marx's innovation thought, Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao have formed a Chinese Marxist innovation thought system, which includes the basic theory of innovation and development, the theory of motive force of sustainable development, and the concrete revolution and practice of China. The soul theory of national development and the theory of scientific development strategy have distinct characteristics of inheritance, times, practice, openness and foresight.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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