建国后中国共产党与农民政治信任关系演进研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 08:19

本文选题：中国共产党 + 农民　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：中国革命的成功是中国共产党和农民相互信任关系确立并不断巩固强化的结果。中华人民共和国成立后,中国共产党从革命党转变为执政党,能否继续赢得中国最大社会群体农民的信任和支持,是中国共产党长期执政、国家政治稳定、社会和谐发展的的重要基础。总体而言,建国六十多年以来,由于生存状态和政治地位较之解放前得到了根本改善,我国农民对中国共产党的政治信任水平处于较高水平。然而,农业社会向工业社会转型的时代特征以及后发赶超型现代化的国情限制对于中国农民问题的解决同时提供了巨大的机遇和挑战,农民问题随着经济体制、政治模式、社会结构的变迁,在错综复杂的矛盾运动中不断得到解决,又不断重新凸现。土改让农民获得了最重要的生产资料土地,满足了农民的经济需求,查田定产建构了农民的国家意识;同时,党组织深入农村基层,乡制的民主组建,组建并赋权于农民协会,使得国家政权深入乡村社会,密切了党和农民的关系;政治动员、阶级划分,进一步唤醒了农民的阶级意识,强化了农民对执政党的信任。面对土改后农村社会结构及小农经济存在的弱点,中国共产党疑虑并试图改造农民的小生产者属性,通过变革农村生产关系的途径来提高农业生产力,并为国家工业化作出贡献:一方面,加速推进土地逐步公有化的合作社形式的升级,实施农产品的统购统销政策;一方面调整阶级路线,加大对农民的国家利益教育和政策宣传。农民的政治心理因此出现了徘徊,出现了退社行为,但随着党的思想工作、阶级策略和政治压力,农民在一定程度上逐渐信任并服从党的政策。大跃进和大饥荒使农民的生存状态骤然恶化,虽然人民公社的体制出现调整和反复,但高度集中的计划经济体制和全能主义政权的基本制度,破坏了农业生产力,阻碍了农民的生产积极性和能动性,不断加剧的阶级斗争和意识形态教育并未能提升农民的政治信任,农民对党和国家政策以及乡村干部的信任度日益降低,出现了怠工、瞒产、化公为私等隐性对抗行为。家庭联产承包责任制的推行和稳定,迅速提高了农民的经济收入,随后的人民公社解体和乡政村治的确立一定程度满足了农民民主管理村务的要求,农民对党和国家的信任迅速恢复。20世纪90年代,各种体制性、结构性、政策性矛盾日益增加,组织化程度降低的农民在市场竞争中日渐式微,农业持续增产、农民持续增收的势头有所减弱,农民负担日益沉重,社会分化与贫富差距持续拉大,农村干群关系恶化,农民对党的政治信任呈现下滑趋势。农村税费改革和社会主义新农村建设两大战略的出台以及农村教育、医疗、低保等方面的新近举措昭示着中国共产党改善农民生存状况、提升农民政治信任的决心,但重塑农民对执政党的政治信任依然面临着诸多挑战和阻扰。审视建国后不同历史时期中国共产党和农民的政治信任关系及其阶段性状况、特征、变迁、趋向,本文认为,产权制度与农业生产的耦合是决定中国共产党与农民信任关系的经济维度,基层政权与农村社会的对接是决定中国共产党与农民政治信任关系的政治因素,意识形态与农民心理的碰撞是决定中国共产党与农民政治信任关系的价值变量,目标诉求与利益诉求的博弈是决定中国共产党与农民政治信任关系的根本逻辑,马克思主义“三农”理论在中国共产党执政与发展同农民信任关系的历史语境和乡土实践中完成中国化。
[Abstract]:The success of the Chinese revolution was the result of the establishment and consolidation of the mutual trust between the Chinese Communist Party and the peasants. After the founding of People's Republic of China, the Communist Party of China was transformed from the revolutionary party to the ruling party, and could he continue to win the trust and support of the peasants of the largest social group in China. It was the long-term ruling of the Communist Party of China and the political stability of the state. In general, since the founding of the people's Republic of China, since the founding of the people's Republic of China for more than 60 years, the political trust level of the Chinese Communist Party is at a high level because of the fundamental improvement in the state of existence and political status before liberation. The restriction of the national conditions has provided great opportunities and challenges for the solution of the problem of Chinese farmers. With the changes of the economic system, political model and social structure, the peasant problem has been continuously solved in the complex and complex contradiction movement. At the same time, the party organization went deep into the rural grass-roots, the Democratic formation of the township system, the establishment and empowerment of the peasant association, which made the state power deep in the rural society and close the relationship between the party and the peasants; the political mobilization and class division had further awakened the peasants' class consciousness and strengthened the peasants. In the face of the social structure of the rural areas and the weakness of the small peasant economy after the land reform, the Communist Party of China is doubting and trying to transform the farmers' small producers' attributes, improving the agricultural productivity by changing the rural production relations and contributing to the national industrialization: on the one hand, accelerate the gradual public ownership of the land. On the one hand, the peasantry's political psychology has been wandering and the political pressure of the peasantry, but with the party's ideological work, class strategy and political pressure, the peasants gradually trust and trust to a certain extent, and the peasants have gradually trust and trust with the party's ideological work, class strategy and political pressure. Obedience to the party's policy. The great leap forward and the great famine have caused a sudden deterioration in the living state of the peasants. Although the system of the people's commune has been adjusted and repeated, the highly centralized planned economic system and the basic system of the Almighty regime have undermined the productive forces of agriculture, hindered the farmers' productive enthusiasm and activity, and intensified the class struggle. And the ideological education has not promoted the political trust of the peasants. The farmers' trust in the party and state policies and the rural cadres has been increasingly reduced, and there have been recessive antagonism, such as idle work, conceal production and private equity. The implementation and stability of the system of household contract responsibility has rapidly increased the economic income of the farmers, and then the disintegration of the people's Commune and the disintegration of the people's Commune and the disintegration of the people's Commune and the disintegration of the people's Commune and the disintegration of the people's Commune and the disintegration of the people's Commune and the disintegration of the people's commune and the disintegration of the people's Commune and the disintegration of the people's commune, The establishment of township government village governance to a certain extent met the requirements of farmers' democratic management of the village affairs. The farmers' trust in the party and the state quickly restored to the 90s.20 century, with various institutional, structural, and policy contradictions increasing, and the declining organization of farmers in the market competition, the continuous increase in agricultural production and the continuous increase of farmers' income. The burdens of the peasants are becoming more and more heavy, the social differentiation and the gap between the rich and the poor continue to widen, the relationship between the rural cadres and the masses is deteriorating, and the peasants' political trust in the party is declining. The new measures in the rural tax and fee reform and the two major strategies of the construction of the socialist new rural construction, and the new measures in rural education, medical treatment and low insurance have shown the Communist Party of China. In order to improve the living conditions of farmers and promote the political trust of the peasants, it is still facing many challenges and obstacles to reshape the political trust of the party to the ruling party. The political trust relationship between the Chinese Communist Party and the peasants in different historical periods after the founding of the people's Republic of China and its stage status, characteristics, changes and trends are considered. This article holds that the property right system and agricultural production are in this paper. The coupling is the economic dimension that determines the relationship between the Chinese Communist Party and the peasants. The docking of the grass-roots political power and the rural society is the political factor that determines the political trust relationship between the Chinese Communist Party and the peasants. The collision of ideology and farmers' psychology is the value variable that determines the relationship between the Chinese Communist Party and the peasants' political trust and the objective demands and interests. The game of the appeal is the fundamental logic to determine the relationship between the Chinese Communist Party and the peasants' political trust. The theory of Marx's "three rural" is completed in the historical context of the Chinese Communist Party's ruling and development with the farmers' trust relationship and the local practice.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D25;D422.6

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