毛泽东晚年社会主义发展模式研究

发布时间：2018-08-31 21:06

【摘要】：毛泽东作为新中国的缔造者和社会主义建设事业的领导者、探索者,为我国社会主义建设事业做出了卓越的贡献。1956年社会主义制度建立以后，毛泽东即开始了对社会主义建设道路的探索。在探索过程中提出了许多正确的观点，但由于种种原因，探索道路出现偏差，给社会主义建设事业造成严重的挫折。毛泽东终其一生都在为他心目中的理想社会而不懈追求，从早年对“新村”的设想和实践到中年对新民主主义社会的设想和实践，从建国后对人民公社的实验到晚年对“五七干校”设想和实践，毛泽东始终没有放弃对理想社会的追求。毛泽东心目中的理想社会是一个完整的体系，在政治方面，，消灭资产阶级，消除等级制度和特权现象，人民群众真正当家作主，政治地位上人人平等；经济方面，在所有制上，消灭私有制和产生私有制的经济基础，不断提高公有制的程度，试图建成大一统的社会主义生产资料公有制；在分配上，限制“资产阶级法权”，限制按劳分配和工资制，实行平均主义供给制，实现人们在劳动产品物质待遇上的平等，最终实现事实上的平等；在人与人的关系上，消灭分工、消灭商品制度，进而逐步缩小工农、城乡、脑体三大差别；思想文化方面，坚持马克思主义，反对修正主义，批判各种资产阶级、小资产阶级思想，“斗私批修”消灭私心，保持无产阶级思想意识的纯洁性。这是一个经济平等、政治清正、思想纯洁，平等、公正、公平、完美的理想社会主义社会，毛泽东认为只有这样的社会才是真正的社会主义社会。对于如何实现这个理想社会，毛泽东希望通过“抓革命、促生产”的方式来实践，通过“抓革命”既能坚持社会主义方向清除理想社会的政治障碍，又能激发人们的政治热情和生产积极性，促进生产力的发展。毛泽东认为，革命精神、革命干劲是推动生产力发展重要的精神动力，是永远需要发扬和提倡的。因此，不断地变革生产关系、不断地抓思想革命成为“文化大革命”期间“抓革命”的主要实践方式。毛泽东晚年对理想社会的探索是以悲剧的形式结束的，曾令党和人民付出了惨痛的代价，值得后人永远警醒和借鉴。毛泽东晚年是一个失败者，他晚年失败的探索使中国走了一段不必要走的弯路。俗话说，失败是成功之母，正是毛泽东对社会主义道路的探索为新时期中国特色社会主义道路的开创提供了宝贵的经验教训、奠定了一定的物质基础。在某种意义上来说，没有毛泽东晚年的探索就没有邓小平开创的中国特色社会主义道路。更重要的是，毛泽东是一个永远令人崇敬的失败者，他毕生坚守的公平、正义的价值取向、终极的人文关怀、一以贯之的理想信念是永远值得我们坚持和学习的。
[Abstract]:Mao Zedong, as the founder of the people's Republic of China and the leader and seeker of the cause of socialist construction, has made outstanding contributions to the cause of socialist construction in China. After the establishment of the socialist system in 1956, Mao Zedong began to explore the road of socialist construction. In the course of exploration, many correct viewpoints have been put forward, but for various reasons, the road of exploration has deviated and caused serious setbacks to the cause of socialist construction. Mao Zedong devoted his whole life to pursuing the ideal society in his mind, from his early assumption and practice of "new village" to his middle-aged vision and practice of the new democratic society. From the experiment of the people's commune after the founding of the people's Republic of China to the imagination and practice of the "May Seven dry School" in his later years, Mao Zedong never gave up the pursuit of an ideal society. In Mao Zedong's mind, the ideal society is a complete system.On the political side, the bourgeoisie is eliminated, the hierarchical system and privileges are eliminated, the masses of the people are truly masters of their own affairs and all people are equal in political status, and in the economic aspect, ownership is concerned. To eliminate the economic basis of private ownership and to produce private ownership, to continuously improve the degree of public ownership, to try to build a unified socialist public ownership of the means of production, to restrict the "bourgeois legal right" in distribution and to restrict the distribution according to work and the wage system, To implement the egalitarian supply system to achieve equality in the material treatment of labor products, and ultimately to achieve de facto equality; in the relations between people, to eliminate the division of labor, to eliminate the commodity system, and to gradually reduce the number of workers, peasants, and urban and rural areas. In terms of ideology and culture, we should adhere to Marxism, oppose revisionism, criticize various bourgeoisie and petty bourgeois ideas, "fight for private criticism" and eliminate private feelings and maintain the purity of proletarian ideology. This is an ideal socialist society with economic equality, political integrity, pure thinking, equality, justice, fairness and perfection. Mao Zedong believes that only such a society is a real socialist society. As to how to realize this ideal society, Mao Zedong hopes to put it into practice through the way of "grasping revolution and promoting production," and by "grasping revolution," he can not only adhere to the socialist direction, but also remove the political obstacles to an ideal society. Can stimulate people's political enthusiasm and production enthusiasm, promote the development of productive forces. Mao Zedong believes that revolutionary spirit and revolutionary drive are the important spiritual power to promote the development of productive forces and need to be carried forward and advocated forever. Therefore, constantly changing the relations of production and constantly grasping the ideological revolution has become the main practical way of "grasping the revolution" during the "Cultural Revolution". Mao Zedong's exploration of the ideal society in his later years ended in the form of tragedy, which made the party and people pay a painful price, and it is worthy of our future generations to wake up and learn from it forever. Mao Zedong was a loser in his later years, and his unsuccessful exploration made China take an unnecessary detour. As the saying goes, failure is the mother of success, and it is Mao Zedong's exploration of the socialist road that has provided valuable experience and lessons for the creation of the socialist road with Chinese characteristics in the new period and laid a certain material foundation. In a sense, without Mao Zedong's exploration in his later years, there would be no socialist road with Chinese characteristics initiated by Deng Xiaoping. More importantly, Mao Zedong is a loser who will always be respected. The fairness, justice value orientation, ultimate humanistic concern and consistent ideals and beliefs that he has adhered to throughout his life are always worthy of our persistence and study.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A841;D232

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