论新马克思主义制度批判中的生态论维度

发布时间：2018-11-09 18:14

【摘要】：对生态问题的关注与思考是20世纪乃至当前的重要课题，之所以如此，缘于现代文明造成了人与环境关系的紧张，人类几千年发的发展尽管带来了巨大的物质财富与科技文明，但在取得这些成果的同时，各种危机相伴而生，自然资源被过度消耗，生态环境遭到破坏，资源的均衡分布也遭到破坏，生态问题成了当前众多学科思考的一个关注点，无论是女性主义学者，还是自由主义思想家或社群主义学者，都在不同的角度表达了对生态问题的注意，在这些思想家与流派中，马克思及后来的追随者是一支不可忽视的力量，他们在批判整个资本主义制度的时候，同样流露出对生态问题的强调，他们认为资本主义制度本身造成了人类的众多危机。我们要考察当前的生态问题，就不能跳过新马克思主义关于此问题的讨论，因此，我们试图将视角立足于新马克思主义的制度批判层面，突出新马克思主义者的生态批判思想。新马克思主义与马克思主义在批判资本主义制度这一论题上面具有一致性，但新马克思主义的制度批判体现了明显的生态论意蕴。在新马克思主义者看来，对资本主义制度的批判应当从生产关系领域拓展到生态领域，如此，就必须反思资本主义世界的技术异化与消费异化，以及制度异化与价值观异化，这些是导致当前生态危机的根源。要消除当前的生态危机，，必须在批判资本主义制度的同时，走向生态学的马克思主义。新马克思主义生态论制度批判思想具有深刻的当代价值，能给予我们很多启示，但是我们也应对这种批判思想进行反思，选择性地吸收其精华。
[Abstract]:Attention and reflection on ecological problems is an important subject in the 20th century and even at present. The reason for this is that modern civilization has caused tension between human beings and the environment, and the development of human beings for thousands of years has brought enormous material wealth and scientific and technological civilization. But at the same time, all kinds of crises come along, the natural resources are overconsumed, the ecological environment is destroyed, and the balanced distribution of resources is destroyed. Ecological problems have become a focus of many disciplines. Whether feminist scholars, liberal thinkers or communists, all expressed their attention to ecological problems from different angles, in these thinkers and schools, Marx and his followers were a force that could not be ignored. In criticizing the whole capitalist system, they also showed the emphasis on ecological problems. They believed that the capitalist system itself had caused many crises for mankind. If we want to examine the current ecological problems, we can't skip the discussion on this issue by the new Marxism. Therefore, we try to base our perspective on the system criticism of the new Marxism and highlight the ecological critical thoughts of the new Marxists. New Marxism and Marxism are consistent in criticizing the capitalist system, but the system critique of new Marxism embodies the obvious implication of ecological theory. In the view of the new Marxists, the criticism of the capitalist system should be extended from the field of production relations to the ecological field. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect on the alienation of technology and consumption and the alienation of system and values in the capitalist world. These are the causes of the current ecological crisis. In order to eliminate the current ecological crisis, we must criticize the capitalist system and move towards ecological Marxism. The critical thought of new Marxist ecological theory has profound contemporary value and can give us a lot of enlightenment, but we should also reflect on this critical thought and absorb its essence selectively.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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