毛泽东分配正义思想研究

发布时间：2018-11-23 11:42

【摘要】：在中国革命和建设的过程中，毛泽东始终重视分配正义问题，致力于促进社会公平，实现分配正义。他以马克思主义唯物史观为指导，科学地运用了唯物史观的基本观点和方法，在中国革命和建设实践过程中，形成了内涵丰富、独具特色的分配正义思想，它是毛泽东思想体系中的重要内容之一。毛泽东分配正义思想的形成，有其深厚的时代背景：中国传统文化中的分配正义思想、中国近代空想社会主义思想及马克思主义分配理论，是形成毛泽东分配正义思想的理论渊源；改变当时分配不公的社会现实的需要、军事共产主义供给制经验的影响、社会主义改造中公平分配效应的影响、西方分配实践的反面教训，是形成毛泽东分配正义思想的现实背景。毛泽东分配正义思想的内容极为丰富，涵盖经济、政治、社会三大领域。首先，他以人民利益为价值标准，，以社会主义为制度保障，提出所有社会成员都应有公平的机会和权利，发展的目标是共同富裕，由此确立了“国民共同富裕”的分配正义理念。其次，他建立了社会主义的生产关系，为实现分配正义奠定了经济基础。在农村，他通过平均地权，进行土地革命，实现“耕者有其田”的制度；在城市，通过工商业的社会主义改造建立生产资料的公有制；在个人消费资料的分配上，实行按劳分配原则，防止人与人之间两极分化；坚持地区和产业之间的均衡发展，努力追求国民共同富裕。再次，建设民主政治制度，以政治法律制度保障分配正义。他建立人民民主专政与人民代表大会制度、多党合作制度、民族区域自治制度、法律面前人人平等的法律制度，维护各阶级、各阶层、各民族、各地区人民群众合理的经济权益。最后，通过多种途径维护人民广泛的社会平等权利，为实现配正义提供真实可靠的前提条件。他通过发展教育，建立起初步的社会保障体系，广开就业渠道，消除性别歧视，为人民群众维护自己的经济权益提供前提条件。毛泽东分配正义思想的进步性主要表现在：以满足人民利益为分配正义的衡量标准；以构建公平正义的社会制度为实现分配正义的手段；以党风廉政建设及发挥群众主体作用为实现分配正义的保证；在保持公平的前提下追求效率。其历史局限性主要表现在：其分配正义思想及实践超越了生产力发展水平；分配方式带有明显的平均主义色彩；没有处理好公平与效率的关系。毛泽东分配正义思想对构建和谐社会具有重要启示：必须大力发展社会生产力，加强与促进制度建设，妥善处理效率与公平的关系，坚持走共同富裕的道路，切实解决民生问题，才能实现分配正义。深入研究毛泽东分配正义思想、准确理解其丰富内涵、正确评价其进步性及历史局限性，对促进今天的公平分配具有指导与借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:In the course of China's revolution and construction, Mao Zedong always attached importance to the issue of distribution justice and devoted himself to promoting social equity and realizing distribution justice. Guided by Marxist historical materialism, he scientifically applied the basic viewpoints and methods of historical materialism. In the course of Chinese revolution and construction practice, he formed the thought of distribution justice with rich connotation and unique characteristics. It is one of the important contents of Mao Zedong thought system. The formation of Mao Zedong's distributive justice thought has its profound background: the distributive justice thought in Chinese traditional culture, the modern Chinese utopian socialism thought and Marxist distribution theory. It is the theoretical origin of Mao Zedong's distributive justice thought. The need to change the social reality of unfair distribution at that time, the influence of the experience of supply system of military communism, the influence of fair distribution effect in socialist transformation, and the negative lessons of western distribution practice, It is the realistic background of Mao Zedong's distributive justice thought. The content of Mao Zedong's distributive justice thought is extremely rich, covering three major fields of economy, politics and society. First of all, he took the interests of the people as the value criterion and socialism as the institutional guarantee. He proposed that all members of society should have fair opportunities and rights, and that the goal of development was common prosperity. Thus established the "national common prosperity" distribution justice concept. Second, he established the socialist relations of production, for the realization of distribution justice laid the economic foundation. In the countryside, he carried out the land revolution through the average land right, realized the system of "the tiller has his field", established the public ownership of the means of production through the socialist transformation of industry and commerce in the city; In the distribution of personal consumption data, we should implement the principle of distribution according to work, prevent the polarization between people, insist on the balanced development between regions and industries, and strive to pursue the common prosperity of the people. Thirdly, build democratic political system and guarantee distribution justice by political legal system. He established a people's democratic dictatorship and a system of people's congresses, a system of multi-party cooperation, a system of regional autonomy for ethnic groups, a legal system of equality before the law, and a legal system to safeguard all classes, strata and nationalities. The reasonable economic rights and interests of the people in all regions. Finally, through various ways to safeguard the people's extensive social equality rights, for the realization of justice to provide a true and reliable prerequisite. Through the development of education, he established a preliminary social security system, opened up employment channels, eliminated gender discrimination, and provided preconditions for the masses to safeguard their economic rights and interests. The progressiveness of Mao Zedong's thought of distributive justice is mainly manifested in the following aspects: to satisfy the interests of the people as the measure of distributive justice, to construct a fair and just social system as the means to realize the distributive justice; Taking the construction of party style and clean government and exerting the role of the masses as the guarantee of distribution justice and pursuing efficiency under the premise of maintaining fairness. Its historical limitations are as follows: the thought and practice of distributive justice exceed the development level of productive forces; the distribution mode has obvious equalitarianism color; and the relationship between fairness and efficiency has not been handled well. Mao Zedong's idea of distributive justice has important implications for the construction of a harmonious society: it is necessary to vigorously develop social productive forces, strengthen and promote the construction of institutions, properly handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness, and adhere to the road of common prosperity. Only by solving people's livelihood problems can distribution justice be realized. It is of guiding and referential significance to study Mao Zedong's thought of distributive justice, to understand its rich connotation accurately, to evaluate its progress and historical limitation correctly, to promote the fair distribution today.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A841;D61

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