论马克思自由理论对西方自由主义传统的超越
发布时间：2019-03-26 17:45
【摘要】：“自由”不仅是西方自由主义的主轴线,也是马克思整个学说的核心和灵魂。单从文化意义的视角来审视自由主义,并把自由主义置身于人类文化的一个重要组成部分,即是本文的一个创新视角也是全文思想内容的基本前提。因此,本文中的自由主义不只是代表了一种政治思潮或政治运动,抑或是某种意识形态,它更多的是一种围绕“自由”的各种观念、理论及其实践所构成的文化形式。从这个意义上说,马克思的自由理论与西方自由主义传统有着非常紧密的联系。借助文献解读法、文献研究法和比较研究法三大方法,通过对经典文本的相关性研读,不难发现,马克思完成了对政治自由主义、经济自由主义和哲学自由主义的全面批判。同时,马克思自由理论也超出了自由主义各种学说,消解了自由主义自身无法克服的理论与现实之间的矛盾与对抗,指明人类解放的根本在于不断实现人的本质的复归。从批判理论的演进脉络来看,马克思展示了其自由理论对西方自由主义传统的超越逻辑：超越政治解放的内在逻辑-扬弃异化劳动的逻辑进程-“人性复归”的逻辑前提,实现了对自由主义之自由的超越,并最终完成了对自由的历史主义的界定,即自由是不断超越此前状态的历史性活动。全文由四个部分组成：第一部分主要论述了西方自由主义传统的内涵及价值原则。首先对自由主义之自由渊源进行了历史的追溯,目的是把握西方社会自由文化的传承性和延续性；进而对自由主义做出了本文的理解与界定,在此基础上进一步对自由主义进行了三方面的划分,即政治自由主义、经济自由主义和哲学自由主义；紧接着对西方自由主义传统的价值原则：个人主义做出了较为全面的介绍。第二部分马克思对西方自由主义传统的批判性继承。本部分初步介绍了马克思与西方自由主义传统之间的单向性关系,指出了马克思对自由主义各个方面都有所研究,重点表达了马克思对政治自由主义、经济自由主义及哲学自由主义的批判和继承,初步分析了马克思自由理论与自由主义的相关性和相异性。第三部分介绍了马克思自由理理论的内在逻辑。在前两部分的基础上通过探究马克思自由理论的内在逻辑层层挖掘出马克思自由理论与西方自由主义传统之间的深层次关系。指出马克思自由理论是一种“人类解放式的自由学说”的论断,并通过论述马克思人类解放式的自由学说对政治解放的肯定与超越,对异化劳动的分析与扬弃、以及对“人性复归”的“类本质”自由的预设来表达了马克思自由理论对西方自由主义传统的实质性超越。第四部分主要表达了马克思对自由主义的价值原则：个人主义及自由主义之自由的个人主义特征的批判和扬弃,并在此基础上对自由做出历史主义的规定,即自由就是一种不断超越此前状态的历史性活动。
[Abstract]:Freedom is not only the main axis of western liberalism, but also the core and soul of Marx's whole theory. Examining liberalism from the perspective of cultural significance and placing liberalism in an important part of human culture is not only an innovative perspective of this paper, but also the basic premise of the ideological content of the full text. Therefore, the liberalism in this paper is not only a political trend of thought or political movement, or a certain ideology, it is more about "freedom" of various concepts, theories and practices of the composition of the cultural form. In this sense, Marx's theory of freedom is closely related to the tradition of western liberalism. By means of literature interpretation method, literature study method and comparative study method, it is not difficult to find that Marx has completed a comprehensive critique of political liberalism, economic liberalism and philosophical liberalism by studying the relevance of classical texts. At the same time, Marx's theory of freedom goes beyond the various theories of liberalism, dispels the contradiction and confrontation between theory and reality that liberalism cannot overcome, and points out that the essence of human liberation lies in realizing the return of the essence of human being. From the evolution of critical theory, Marx shows the transcendence logic of his theory of freedom to the tradition of western liberalism: the logic of transcending the internal logic of political liberation-the logical process of sublation of alien labor-the logical premise of "the return of human nature". It realizes the transcendence of the freedom of liberalism, and finally completes the definition of the historicism of freedom, that is, freedom is a historical activity that constantly transcends the previous state. The thesis consists of four parts: the first part mainly discusses the connotation and value principle of western liberalism tradition. First of all, the author traces back the free origin of liberalism in order to grasp the inheritance and continuity of the liberal culture in the western society. On this basis, we further divide liberalism into three aspects: political liberalism, economic liberalism and philosophical liberalism. Then to the western liberalism tradition value principle: individualism made a more comprehensive introduction. The second part is Marx's critical inheritance of western liberalism tradition. This part introduces the one-way relationship between Marx and western liberalism tradition, points out that Marx has studied every aspect of liberalism, and mainly expresses Marx's political liberalism. The criticism and inheritance of economic liberalism and philosophical liberalism have analyzed the relativity and difference between Marx's theory of freedom and liberalism. The third part introduces the internal logic of Marx's theory of freedom. On the basis of the first two parts, this paper explores the inner logic of Marx's theory of freedom and explores the deep-seated relationship between Marx's theory of freedom and the tradition of western liberalism. This paper points out that Marx's theory of freedom is a kind of "liberating freedom theory of human beings", and through discussing the affirmation and transcendence of political liberation of Marx's theory of liberating human beings, the analysis and sublation of alien labor by Marx's theory of freedom of human beings. And the presupposition of the "like essence" freedom of "the return of human nature" to express the substantial transcendence of Marx's freedom theory to the western liberalism tradition. The fourth part mainly expresses Marx's criticism and abandonment of the value principle of liberalism: individualism and the individualism characteristic of liberalism freedom, and on this basis makes the historical stipulation of freedom. That is, freedom is a historical activity that constantly transcends the previous state of affairs.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：A81
本文编号：2447777
[Abstract]:Freedom is not only the main axis of western liberalism, but also the core and soul of Marx's whole theory. Examining liberalism from the perspective of cultural significance and placing liberalism in an important part of human culture is not only an innovative perspective of this paper, but also the basic premise of the ideological content of the full text. Therefore, the liberalism in this paper is not only a political trend of thought or political movement, or a certain ideology, it is more about "freedom" of various concepts, theories and practices of the composition of the cultural form. In this sense, Marx's theory of freedom is closely related to the tradition of western liberalism. By means of literature interpretation method, literature study method and comparative study method, it is not difficult to find that Marx has completed a comprehensive critique of political liberalism, economic liberalism and philosophical liberalism by studying the relevance of classical texts. At the same time, Marx's theory of freedom goes beyond the various theories of liberalism, dispels the contradiction and confrontation between theory and reality that liberalism cannot overcome, and points out that the essence of human liberation lies in realizing the return of the essence of human being. From the evolution of critical theory, Marx shows the transcendence logic of his theory of freedom to the tradition of western liberalism: the logic of transcending the internal logic of political liberation-the logical process of sublation of alien labor-the logical premise of "the return of human nature". It realizes the transcendence of the freedom of liberalism, and finally completes the definition of the historicism of freedom, that is, freedom is a historical activity that constantly transcends the previous state. The thesis consists of four parts: the first part mainly discusses the connotation and value principle of western liberalism tradition. First of all, the author traces back the free origin of liberalism in order to grasp the inheritance and continuity of the liberal culture in the western society. On this basis, we further divide liberalism into three aspects: political liberalism, economic liberalism and philosophical liberalism. Then to the western liberalism tradition value principle: individualism made a more comprehensive introduction. The second part is Marx's critical inheritance of western liberalism tradition. This part introduces the one-way relationship between Marx and western liberalism tradition, points out that Marx has studied every aspect of liberalism, and mainly expresses Marx's political liberalism. The criticism and inheritance of economic liberalism and philosophical liberalism have analyzed the relativity and difference between Marx's theory of freedom and liberalism. The third part introduces the internal logic of Marx's theory of freedom. On the basis of the first two parts, this paper explores the inner logic of Marx's theory of freedom and explores the deep-seated relationship between Marx's theory of freedom and the tradition of western liberalism. This paper points out that Marx's theory of freedom is a kind of "liberating freedom theory of human beings", and through discussing the affirmation and transcendence of political liberation of Marx's theory of liberating human beings, the analysis and sublation of alien labor by Marx's theory of freedom of human beings. And the presupposition of the "like essence" freedom of "the return of human nature" to express the substantial transcendence of Marx's freedom theory to the western liberalism tradition. The fourth part mainly expresses Marx's criticism and abandonment of the value principle of liberalism: individualism and the individualism characteristic of liberalism freedom, and on this basis makes the historical stipulation of freedom. That is, freedom is a historical activity that constantly transcends the previous state of affairs.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：A81
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