清代归绥道外来人口增加与城镇化发展

发布时间：2018-01-10 15:23

本文关键词：清代归绥道外来人口增加与城镇化发展　出处：《山西大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：归绥道始设于乾隆六年,驻归化城,属山西省。归绥道相当于今内蒙古包头市、呼和浩特市及乌兰察布市大部(除德化、商都外)、鄂尔多斯市东胜区、巴彦淖尔市临河区和五原县,包括今河套平原东套地区等绝大部分区域,面积约为44360平方公里。归绥素有民谚“黄河百害,唯富一套”,“田上高,而且腴,雨雪常调,无荒歉之年,更兼土洁泉甘,诚佳壤。”清初内地人民为了生存,不顾禁令的惩罚,越过长城,在塞外草场以及土默川地区开垦土地。清朝中叶后,清政府开始“借地养民”的名义,进行“贻谷放垦”和“移民实边”,并逐步解除蒙禁。纵观清朝执政者对于归绥地区外来人口问题总体上持比较宽松的态度。因此,归绥地区由于拥有的得天独厚的丰沃土地资源和良好农耕水利条件,以及不可忽视的主观原因社会资源优势,明朝时期便吸引了一部分汉人进入归绥地区租地耕种。清朝大一统后,随着放垦政策的逐步开放,一大批人口由于灾荒等原因迁徙至归绥道地区定居,进而导致这一地区人口急剧增加、耕地面积随之扩大、粮食产量也有了大幅提升,从而改变了归绥道地区的农业生产方式和生产结构,也改变了原有的生态结构,最终实现了农牧交替。清代归绥道商业的发展也离不开外来人口的作用,特别是山西商人。土默特地区农业经济的发展是归化城后期商业贸易发展的基本要素。粮食产量剩余的出现和商业的繁荣为归绥道城镇的出现奠定了基础。本文主要立足于内蒙介绍归绥道外来人口增长与城镇的发展状况,并对城镇数量以及城镇分布以及功能进行粗浅的研究。
[Abstract]:Gui Sui Road was established in Qianlong six years ago and is located in the city of Naturalization, Shanxi Province. Gui Sui Road is equivalent to most of Baotou City, Hohhot City and Wulanchabu City (except Dehua, Shangdu, Dongsheng District, Ordos City). Bayannur City Linhe District and Wuyuan County, including the East Hetao Plain area and most of the area, an area of about 44360 square kilometers. Gui Sui has a popular saying, "Yellow River, only one set of rich," "Tian Shanggao." And plump, the rain and snow often tune, the year of no famine, but also soil Jiequan Gan, good earth. "in the early Qing Dynasty, the mainland people in order to survive, regardless of the punishment of the ban, over the Great Wall." After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government began to "raise the people by land" in the name of "Yi Gu" and "emigrate the real border". And gradually lifted the ban. Throughout the Qing Dynasty rulers of the Gui Suiyuan region on the general issue of foreign population held a relatively loose attitude. Guisui area because of the unique land resources and good farmland and water conservancy conditions, as well as subjective reasons can not be ignored the advantages of social resources. After the unification of the Qing Dynasty, with the gradual opening of the reclamation policy, a large number of people migrated to Gui Suidao area for settlement due to famine and other reasons. As a result, the population in this area increased sharply, the area of cultivated land expanded, and the grain production increased significantly, which changed the agricultural production mode and production structure in Guusui Road area. It also changed the original ecological structure and finally realized the alternation of agriculture and animal husbandry. The commercial development of Guisui Road in the Qing Dynasty could not be separated from the role of the foreign population. Especially Shanxi merchants. The development of agricultural economy in Tumert area is the basic factor of commercial trade development in the later period of Naturalization City. The appearance of surplus grain production and the prosperity of commerce have laid the foundation for the emergence of Gui Suidao Town. Mainly based on the introduction of Inner Mongolia Gui Sui Road foreign population growth and the development of cities and towns. The quantity, distribution and function of cities and towns are studied.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F299.29;C924.2

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