农业转移人口市民化制度构建研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 08:09

本文选题：农业转移人口 + 市民化　；参考：《河南工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：从新中国刚刚成立到现在,我国那些从农村转移到了城镇的人群的称谓,有了很多次巨大的改变,这些称谓中,“农业转移人口”是在我国近几年人口快速城镇化的过程中才逐渐地演变而来的,但是它的内涵与以前的称谓相比已经有了相当大的差别。农业转移人口为我国经济和社会发展做出了很大的贡献,已成为我国产业工人中不可替代的组成部分。农业转移人口市民化是解决我国农村剩余劳动力,提高他们生活水平最重要的途径,也是加快我国城镇化和工业化的最重要的推动力。然而目前我国的农业转移人口市民化过程中在存在很多的问题,这些问题降低了农业转移人口的生活水平,加大了城乡差距和社会不公,严重影响了我国城镇化进程。本文首先使用理论分析法,分析了农业人口转移的原因,为我国农业人口转移提供了理论基础。然后本文对我国农业转移人口市民化的现状进行了分析,研究发现农业转移人口市民化过程中存在着诸如子女教育、医疗、就业、社会保障等问题,这些问题的存在使得农业转移人口虽然生活在城市中,却享受不到城市中市民应该享受到的各种权利,使得他们的城市生活存在巨大的困难。引起这些问题的原因有很多,其中制度是各种问题的根源,因此,本文主要从户籍制度、就业制度和社会保障制度三个方面进行了分析。我国的二元户籍制度阻碍农业转移人口融入城市,在迁移地实现就业,随迁子女接受教育和享有市民同等社会保障的权利,是市民化过程中最根本的制度性障碍;我国就业准入制度的不平等,登记制度的不统一,服务和培训机制的不平等导致我国的农业转移人口的就业条件和城市居民相比存在很大的差距;社会保障制度是生活的一种最基本的保障,而我国社会保障制度的不完善,导致农业转移人口不能享有工伤、医疗、失业和养老等方面最基本的保障。随后通过对美国和日本农业人口转移的概况和采取的相关政策进行描述,进一步发现我国农业转移人口市民化过程中制度方面存在的不足。制度是我国农业转移人口市民化中各种问题的根源,为了更好地促进了我国农业转移人口的市民化,本文从以下几个方面对我国的制度改革提出建议:一、改革户籍制度,具体包括建立城乡统一的户籍制度,剔除户籍制度上附加的福利,规范户籍管理制度;二、改革就业制度,包括构建公平的就业市场准入制度,建立全国统一的就业信息注册登记制度,提供相对公平的就业服务和就业培训机制;三、完善社会保障制度,强化工伤保险缴纳制度,改革失业保险制度,完善医疗和养老保障制度。
[Abstract]:From the founding of New China to the present, the appellations of the people who have moved from the countryside to the towns have undergone many great changes. Among these appellations,"Agricultural population transfer" has evolved gradually in the process of rapid urbanization in China in recent years, but its connotation is quite different from previous appellations.Agricultural migration has made a great contribution to the economic and social development of our country and has become an irreplaceable part of the industrial workers in our country.The urbanization of agricultural transfer population is the most important way to solve the rural surplus labor force and improve their living standard. It is also the most important driving force to speed up the urbanization and industrialization of our country.However, there are many problems in the process of urbanization of agricultural transfer population in our country. These problems reduce the living standard of agricultural transfer population, widen the gap between urban and rural areas and social injustice, and seriously affect the process of urbanization in China.In this paper, the reason of agricultural population transfer is analyzed by using theoretical analysis method, which provides a theoretical basis for agricultural population transfer in China.Then this paper analyzes the current situation of the urbanization of agricultural transfer population in China, and finds that there are some problems such as children education, medical treatment, employment, social security and so on in the process of the urbanization of agricultural transfer population.The existence of these problems makes the agricultural transfer population living in the city, but not enjoying the city citizens should enjoy all kinds of rights, so that their urban life has great difficulties.There are many reasons for these problems, among which the system is the root of all kinds of problems. Therefore, this paper mainly analyzes the household registration system, the employment system and the social security system.The dual household registration system of our country hinders the agricultural transfer population to integrate into the city, realizes the employment in the migration place, receives the education and the citizen equal social security right with the moving children, is the most fundamental system barrier in the process of the city citizenship;The inequality of the employment access system, the inconsistency of the registration system and the inequality of the service and training mechanism lead to a great gap between the employment conditions of the agricultural transfer population in China and that of the urban residents.The social security system is the most basic guarantee of life, but the imperfection of the social security system in our country leads to the agricultural transfer population can not enjoy the most basic protection in the aspects of work injury, medical treatment, unemployment and old-age care, etc.Then, by describing the general situation and relevant policies of agricultural population transfer in the United States and Japan, the author further finds out the deficiencies of the system in the process of popularizing the population of agricultural transfer in China.System is the root of all kinds of problems in the urbanization of agricultural transfer population in China. In order to better promote the urbanization of agricultural transfer population in China, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the system reform of our country from the following aspects: first, reform the household registration system,Specifically, it includes the establishment of a unified household registration system between urban and rural areas, the removal of additional benefits from the household registration system, and the standardization of the household registration management system; second, the reform of the employment system, including the establishment of a fair employment market access system,Establish a unified nationwide registration system for employment information, provide relatively fair employment services and employment training mechanisms; third, improve the social security system, strengthen the payment system of industrial injury insurance, and reform the unemployment insurance system.We will improve the medical care and old-age security system.
【学位授予单位】：河南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：C924.2

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