马克思人口生产理论与我国计划生育新政

发布时间：2018-04-14 11:21

本文选题：人口理论 + 生育新政　；参考：《山西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：人口问题是我国现阶段面临的主要问题,是促进我国经济和社会发展的主要因素。自20世纪70年代以来,在马克思人口生产理论的指导下,我国的人口政策和计划生育工作的调整取得了很大进展。本文通过对马克思人口生产理论与我国计划生育新政的研究,一方面总结了在马克思人口生产理论指导下,我国计划生育政策的变迁,同时分析了在这一理论指导下提出“全面二胎”计划生育新政的必要性。另一方面,对我国计划生育新政可能带来的风险进行了分析,并提出了规避风险的方法,要坚持可持续发展,协调好人口、经济、资源和环境之间的关系。本文共分为四个部分。第一部分为绪论部分,论文采用文献分析法,主要介绍了论文的现实和理论意义、国内外文献综述以及涉及到的人口政策和生育政策的概念。第二部分主要描述了马克思人口生产理论及其对我国计划生育政策的指导作用。从哲学、经济学和人类学三个角度对马克思人口生产理论进行阐述,指出人口生产应该是全面的生产。同时总结了马克思人口生产以人作为出发点、以现实的社会生产为依据、以人口生产和物质资料生产相统一为特色,最终实现人的全面发展。在马克思人口生产理论的指导下,我国经济发展和人口之间的冲突得到缓和。第三部分则把马克思人口生产理论和我国现行的计划生育新政“全面二胎”结合起来。分析了“全面二胎”政策实施的依据:人口结构失衡、性别比严重失调、4-2-1家庭模式的到来;同时,从计划生育管理体制、优质的服务和配套福利以及法律制度的保障三个角度提出了应对二胎政策的方法;分析了二胎政策可能会带来的价值:优化人口结构、缓解养老压力、以及刺激连锁产业的发展;提出了全面二胎政策在实施中可能存在的人本关怀属性弱、人口数量大幅度增加、对资源和环境造成巨大的压力等预期风险。第四部分提出了如何规避二胎政策带来的风险以及我国人口政策的最终目标。实现可持续发展不仅仅是马克思人口生产理论的最终追求目标,也是我国人口政策的最终目标。生育政策的调整需要坚持最佳容量原则、公平原则与平衡原则,处理好人口、资源、环境和经济之间的关系,实现人口的可持续发展。最后,为了规避二胎政策可能会面临的风险,从人文关怀、人口总量的调整、人与自然的关系提出了具体的对策。
[Abstract]:Population problem is the main problem that our country faces at present, it is the main factor that promotes our country's economic and social development.Since the 1970s, under the guidance of Marx's theory of population production, great progress has been made in the adjustment of population policy and family planning in China.Based on the study of Marx's theory of population production and the new policy of family planning in China, on the one hand, this paper summarizes the changes of family planning policy under the guidance of Marx's theory of population production.At the same time, it analyzes the necessity of the new family planning policy under the guidance of this theory.On the other hand, this paper analyzes the possible risks brought about by the new family planning policy in China, and puts forward the methods to avoid the risks. It is necessary to persist in sustainable development and coordinate the relationship among population, economy, resources and environment.This paper is divided into four parts.The first part is the introduction. The paper mainly introduces the realistic and theoretical significance of the paper, the literature review at home and abroad, and the concepts of population policy and fertility policy.The second part mainly describes Marx's theory of population production and its guiding role in China's family planning policy.This paper expounds Marx's theory of population production from three angles of philosophy, economics and anthropology, and points out that population production should be comprehensive production.At the same time, it summarizes that Marx's population production takes the human as the starting point, takes the realistic social production as the basis, takes the population production and the material material production as the characteristic, finally realizes the human's all-round development.Under the guidance of Marx's theory of population production, the conflict between economic development and population has been alleviated.The third part combines Marx's theory of population production with the new family planning policy.This paper analyzes the basis for the implementation of the "comprehensive two-child" policy: the population structure imbalance, the serious sex ratio imbalance and the arrival of the 4-2-1 family model; at the same time, from the perspective of the family planning management system,This paper puts forward the methods to deal with the two-child policy from the three angles of high-quality service and supporting welfare and the guarantee of the legal system, and analyzes the value that the two-child policy may bring: optimizing the population structure, alleviating the pressure of the aged.It also puts forward the expected risks such as weak humanistic care property, large increase of population and great pressure on resources and environment, which may exist in the implementation of the policy of comprehensive two-child policy, and stimulate the development of chain industry.The fourth part puts forward how to avoid the risk brought by the second child policy and the ultimate goal of our country's population policy.To realize sustainable development is not only the ultimate goal of Marx's theory of population production, but also the ultimate goal of our country's population policy.In order to realize the sustainable development of population, the adjustment of fertility policy needs to adhere to the principle of optimal capacity, the principle of equity and the principle of balance, to deal with the relationship among population, resources, environment and economy.Finally, in order to avoid the risk that the policy of second child may face, this paper puts forward some concrete countermeasures from humanistic concern, the adjustment of total population, and the relationship between man and nature.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C924.21;A81

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