从原子化到共同体：失独者的身份认同重构研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 01:31

本文选题：失独者 + 身份认同　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在独生子女政策实施30多年后,随着第一代独生子女父母迈入老年人群体,特别是独生子女家庭出现的“失独”事件,带来了失独父母的养老、医疗、精神慰藉等一系列问题,也引发了失独者自我认同、社会认同、社会关系等方面的危机与变化,“失独者”、“失独家庭”等开始成为社会问题的专有名词。独生子女离世后,失独者往往陷入无法自拔的沉重悲痛中,其精神状态受到极大的打击,甚至出现不同程度上的精神疾病;面对现实生活,失独者往往选择逃避,逐渐封闭自我,其身份认同也开始出现危机,把自我与他者区别开来,主动抑或是被动地排斥社会交往。然而,人生而不能无群,同样是社会人的失独者,虽然在失独之初是分散的、原子化的个体,但在其精神需求等方面亟待满足时,也开始自觉或不自觉地去寻求新的群体归属和身份认同。笔者从失独者身份认同的角度出发,沿着“危机—重构—影响”的思路,全面分析了失独者身份认同危机与重构的过程,研究发现:在失独事件发生后,绝望的情感体验与同情感机制的失灵使得失独者逐渐封闭自我,身份认同出现危机,主动与被动的互动排斥使得失独者的社会关系全面断裂。由于旧身份的不可逆转性,重构新的身份认同是失独者走出身份认同危机的必然选择。而失独的共同处境、现代社会的开放性、流动性、互联网媒介作用及失独群体中精英分子的领导热情为失独者的身份认同重构提供了条件和基础。在重构的“同命人”身份下,失独者的情感需求得到满足,群体内的互动交往逐渐增多,社会参与度不断提升,实现了社会的再融入。然而,“同命人”身份的构建,也带来一系列消极的影响,情感共鸣与维权挫折使得失独者群体内部更容易孳生及蔓延集体性的负面情绪;失独者的社会交往仅仅局限于“同命人”内部,并不断强化者与外群体之间的界限,一定程度上阻碍着失独者的社会融入;另外,随着维权行动的愈演愈烈、规模不断扩大,“维权”似乎成了部分失独者生活的全部或中心,且不断提出过度“特殊化”的权益诉求。
[Abstract]:More than 30 years after the implementation of the one-child policy, with the first generation of one-child parents entering the elderly group, especially the one-child family, the event of "losing independence" has brought about a series of problems such as old-age care, medical treatment, and spiritual comfort for the parents who have lost their independence.It also led to the crisis and change of self-identity, social identity, social relationship and so on. "lost independence" and "lost independence family" began to become the proper terms of social problems.After the death of an only child, those who lost independence are often caught in a heavy grief that cannot be extricated from their lives, and their mental state is greatly hit, and even mental illness of varying degrees occurs. In the face of real life, the unemployed often choose to escape.Gradually closed self, its identity also began to appear crisis, to distinguish between self and others, active or passive exclusion of social interaction.However, life cannot be without a group. It is also a person who has lost his independence in society. Although he is a dispersed, atomized individual at the beginning of his loss of independence, his spiritual needs are urgently to be satisfied.Also began to consciously or unconsciously to seek new group ownership and identity.From the point of view of identity of lost independence, the author analyzes the process of identity crisis and reconstruction of lost independence in a comprehensive way along with the idea of "crisis-reconstruction-influence", and finds that: after the event of loss of independence occurs,The failure of the desperate emotional experience and the same emotional mechanism causes the losing of independence to close themselves gradually, the identity crisis, and the active and passive interactive rejection make the social relationship of the lost independence break completely.Because of the irreversibility of the old identity, the reconstruction of the new identity is the inevitable choice for the loser to walk out of the identity crisis.The common situation of losing independence, the openness and mobility of modern society, the role of Internet media and the leadership enthusiasm of elite members of the lost independence group provide the condition and foundation for the identity reconstruction of the lost independence group.Under the reconstructed identity of "the same destiny person", the emotional needs of the people who lost independence are satisfied, the interaction within the group increases gradually, the degree of social participation is rising, and the social re-integration is realized.However, the construction of the identity of "the same destiny" also brings a series of negative effects. Emotional resonance and frustration of safeguarding rights make it easier to breed and spread the collective negative emotions within the group of lost independence.The social interaction of the disenfranchised is confined to the "one person with the same destiny", and the boundary between the individual and the outside group is constantly strengthened, which to some extent impedes the social integration of the disabling; in addition, as the action of safeguarding rights becomes more and more intense, the scale continues to expand.Protecting rights seems to be the whole or center of the life of some of the disenfranchised, and the rights and interests of excessive "specialization" continue to be demanded.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C924.21;C912.64

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