人口投资与促进就业研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 16:49

本文选题：人口投资 + 人力资本　；参考：《河北大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 就业问题一直是困扰我国宏观经济稳定运行的一大重要因素,因此促进就业也是我国宏观调控的主要目标之一。如何促使大量新增劳动力与生产资料充分结合,实现有效就业,是本文研究的主要目的。在“人口红利”期背景下的中国,尤其是改革以来随着经济的快速增长和国家投资力度的加大,就业岗位与劳动力之间不相匹配、存在结构性矛盾,人口投资不足与新增劳动力失业问题相当严重,我国的就业问题并未得到根本性缓解,就业形势依然严峻。本文依据人口投资理论,在定义了人口投资之后对其进行广义与狭义分类,并分别利用索维人口投资和作者设计的方法对我国近年来的人口投资进行核算与估计。最后,得出狭义人口投资只是新培养一个普通劳动力使之达到并保持原有人口生活水平所必需的人口投资,仅仅依靠狭义人口投资并不能促进新增劳动力就业,在狭义人口投资的基础上进行提高劳动者素质的人力资本投资与改进劳动装备水平的劳动设备投资—广义人口投资对于促进就业有显著意义的结论。鉴于此,国家在制定投资政策时,应该更多地考虑就业问题,更多地关注投资的效率与就业的关系,譬如将一直以来的物质资本投资带动经济增长型转向人口投资尤其是人力资本投资带动经济增长和就业协调发展型。我们只有将投资与就业之间的观念性错误和体制性障碍扫除,引入市场机制、革新制度、转变观念,才能以最小的投入达到最大的收益,起到事半功倍的效果。
[Abstract]:Employment has always been an important factor that puzzles the stable operation of China's macro economy, so promoting employment is also one of the main goals of macro-control in China. How to combine a large number of new labor force and means of production to achieve effective employment is the main purpose of this paper. In the context of the "demographic dividend" period in China, especially since the reform, with the rapid growth of the economy and the increase of state investment, there is a structural contradiction between the jobs and the labor force. The problem of insufficient investment and unemployment of new labor force is quite serious, the employment problem in our country has not been fundamentally alleviated, and the employment situation is still grim. Based on the theory of population investment, this paper defines population investment and classifies it in a broad sense and a narrow sense, and calculates and estimates the population investment in China in recent years by means of Sovier's population investment and the method designed by the author. Finally, it is concluded that the narrow population investment is only the population investment necessary to train a common labor force to achieve and maintain the living standard of the original population. Relying on the narrow sense population investment alone can not promote the employment of the new labor force. It is concluded that the investment of human capital to improve the quality of workers and the investment of labor equipment to improve the level of labor equipment on the basis of the investment in the narrow sense of population has a significant effect on promoting employment. In view of this, when formulating investment policies, countries should pay more attention to the issue of employment and pay more attention to the relationship between the efficiency of investment and employment. For example, the type of economic growth driven by material capital investment has been shifted to the type of population investment, especially human capital investment, which promotes economic growth and employment development. Only by removing the ideological errors and institutional obstacles between investment and employment, introducing market mechanism, innovating the system and changing ideas, can we achieve the maximum benefit with the minimum investment and achieve the double effect with half the effort.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：C924.2;F249.20

【参考文献】