巢湖区域传统生育文化研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 18:34

本文选题：巢湖区域 + 生育文化　；参考：《安徽大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 生育文化是人类在生产和养育孩子过程中形成的一整套的风俗习惯和价值理念的集合体,是文化系统的一个子系统。价值理念往往要通过风俗习惯表现出来。因此,本研究认为生育文化并不单纯的就是孩子的生产及在孩子生产中表现的社会心理和价值观念,它应包括人类社会在生产和养育后代的过程中的观念和行为两个方面。生育文化一旦形成,就会对人们的生育观念和生育行为产生一定的影响和制约,人们会自动按照生育文化的价值倾向来选择自己生育孩子的数量,产生对孩子性别和质量的期望,等等。我国通过三十年来的积极努力,在控制人口数量和提高人口质量上取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就,但是我们看到,相较国外而言,我国人口出生率下降和人口增长步伐放缓的主要原因是计划生育政策的严格执行,国家政策在其中起了决定性的作用,生育文化的作用却并不明显,也就是说,对少生的选择并不是人们的自愿和自觉,这样,当政策出现变动时生育率极易反弹,目前我国的低生育率是不稳定的低生育率。加上传统生育文化中重男轻女的观念并没有完全转变过来,在生育政策的挤压和性别选择技术手段的允许下,我国的性别比严重失调。这都急需一种新型的生育文化来进行调节,通过生育文化的整合作用,来稳定低生育水平,调整人口结构。本文在实地研究的基础上,结合文献研究等研究方法,对巢湖区域的婚姻习俗、孩子出生与教养习惯以及丧葬礼仪等一系列人生礼仪进行全景式的考察与描述。本文认为,在巢湖民间的婚庆及丧葬等礼俗中,包含着对生育以及孩子的关注的内容,婚庆及丧葬礼仪往往能够反映出人们对孩子期望的社会心理,因此在描述的过程中着重关注习俗和礼仪中能够直接反映人们在孩子数量、质量以及结构等方面价值选择倾向的风俗与仪式,并以此为基础,对巢湖区域生育文化的特点和功能进行解读。在特定的自然环境和历史文化渊源影响下,巢湖区域生育文化具有以下特点：一是巢湖区域生育文化崇尚礼节。在巢湖民间,无论男女结婚、孩子出生以及老人去世等各项人生事件中,处处可见礼仪的身影,且主要的仪式是不可替代的,比如婚姻,不经过一整套的仪式,民间是不会承认男女的夫妻关系的,其他人生事件的礼仪同样重要；二是巢湖区域生育文化重“早生”和“多生”。在巢湖区域婚姻、丧葬等人生礼仪中处处体现着对早生和多生孩子的渴望。“枣”生贵子、“五子登科”、“多子多福”的观念被巧妙的嵌入了各种人生礼仪,向人们传递着对孩子的渴望；三是巢湖区域生育文化偏男孩但不唯男孩。在一系列人生礼仪中,无论在行为上和观念上,都对男女区别对待,人们通过各种仪式来祈求生育男孩,男孩的出生仪式要较女孩隆重,且男孩受的教养要比女孩好,等等,但是在家庭有了男孩后,女孩对家庭的价值就增加了,“儿女双全”是民间所渴望的；最后,巢湖区域生育文化具有朴素的优生优育思想。人们对孩子质量的追求处于萌芽状态。文化有其特定的功能,巢湖区域传统生育文化在传统社会的功能有宣传、加强亲友联系以获取家庭资源以及在家庭中向男孩倾斜分配资源的功能,以便使得家族的延续得以保障,从而也在客观上进一步强化了这种传统的生育文化。这是传统生育文化得以存在的功能性要件。但是,随着时代的发展,巢湖区域经济、社会、人口和文化环境都发生了变化,在社会的经济基础发生变化的情况下,该区域的上层建筑必然会发生相应的改变。上层建筑的变化在生育文化变迁上的表现是,人生事件的礼仪有所简化,并出现了新的礼仪形式；民间对孩子质量的追求代替了对孩子数量的渴望,对孩子的数量不再是要求越多越好,转而注重对孩子的教育；男孩偏好在民间虽然并没有完全消失,但是其偏重的程度有所减轻,部分家庭能够接受没有男孩的事实,但这并非理想的家庭孩子结构。
[Abstract]:The culture of fertility is a collection of customs and values that human beings have formed in the process of producing and raising children. It is a subsystem of the cultural system. The values are often expressed through customs and habits. Therefore, this study believes that the birth culture is not simply the production of children and the performance of children in the production of children. Social psychology and values should include two aspects: the concept and behavior of human society in the process of production and rearing.
Once the birth culture is formed, it will have a certain influence and restriction on people's birth concept and birth behavior. People will automatically choose the number of children to have their children according to the value tendency of the fertility culture, and produce expectations of the children's sex and quality. In the past thirty years, China has made positive efforts to control the population and the population. In order to improve the quality of the population, we have made great achievements in the world. But we see that the main reason for the decline of the birth rate and the slowing of the population growth is the strict implementation of the family planning policy, which has played a decisive role in the policy of family planning, and the role of the culture of fertility is not obvious, that is to say, The choice of less birth is not the voluntary and self-conscious of the people, so that the fertility rate is very easy to rebound when the policy changes, and the low fertility rate in China is at present an unstable low fertility rate. And the concept of "male and female" in the traditional fertility culture is not completely changed, with the extrusion of the birth policy and the permission of the technical means of sex selection. There is a serious imbalance between the sex ratio in our country and the need for a new type of fertility culture to adjust, to stabilize the low fertility level and to adjust the population structure through the integration of the fertility culture.
On the basis of field research and literature research, this paper makes a panoramic investigation and description of a series of life etiquette in Chaohu, such as marriage customs, children's birth and breeding habits and funeral etiquette. This article holds that in the folk customs and funeral customs of Chaohu, it contains the customs of childbearing and children. The content of the note, wedding and funeral etiquette can often reflect the social psychology that people expect of their children, so in the process of describing the customs and etiquette that can directly reflect people's tendency to choose the value, quality and structure of the children, and on this basis, the culture of Chaohu regional fertility culture. The characteristics and functions are interpreted.
Under the influence of the specific natural environment and historical and cultural origin, Chaohu regional fertility culture has the following characteristics: first, the fertility culture in Chaohu region advocates the etiquette. In Chaohu folk, no matter the marriage of men and women, the birth of the children and the death of the old people, the figure of etiquette can be seen everywhere, and the main ritual is irreplaceable, For example, marriage, without a complete set of ceremonies, people will not admit the relationship between men and women, other life events are also important etiquette; two is the Chaohu regional fertility culture "early birth" and "multi birth". In the Chaohu regional marriage, funeral and other life etiquette everywhere is the desire for early birth and more children. "Jujube" students. The concept of "five sons and children", "multi son and multi blessing" is ingeniously embedded in all kinds of life etiquette, and conveys to the people the desire for children; three is the Chaohu regional fertility culture partial boys but not only boys. In a series of life etiquette, both in behavior and in concept, they are treated differently to men and women, people pass through various ceremonies. Praying for childbearing boys, the birth ceremony of boys should be more solemn than girls, and boys are better nurturing than girls, and so on. But after having boys in the family, the value of the family is increased and the "children and children" is the desire of the folk. Finally, the Chaohu regional fertility culture has a simple eugenic and eugenic thought. The pursuit is in the bud.
Culture has its specific functions. The traditional fertility culture in Chaohu region has the function of the traditional society, strengthening the relatives and friends to obtain family resources and the function of allocating resources to the boys in the family so as to ensure the continuity of the family, and thus further strengthen the traditional fertility culture. However, with the development of the times, the regional economy, society, population and cultural environment of Chaohu have changed. Under the circumstances of the social economic base, the superstructure of the region will inevitably change. The change of superstructure in the change of fertility culture Now, the etiquette of life events is simplified, and new forms of etiquette have emerged; the pursuit of the quality of children instead of the number of children, the number of children is no longer the more the better, the more emphasis on the education of the children; the preference of boys in the folk is not completely disappearing, but the degree of preference is reduced. Light, some families can accept the fact that there is no boy, but this is not an ideal family child structure.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：C924.21

【引证文献】