北京市育龄妇女孕期需求调查研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 16:30

【摘要】：我国人口的生殖健康水平目前还不是很发达，每年都有将近120万个新生儿有出生缺陷、先天残疾，严重危害儿童的发育和健康，给国家、社会和家庭带来极大的负担和痛苦。出生缺陷严重影响着出生人口素质，出生人口素质决定并影响着整体人口素质，提高出生人口素质，是与控制人口数量同样重要的一项工作，是实行计划生育基本国策所要达到的重要目标，也是实现我国战略发展的基本保障。目前在稳定的低生育率的时候，我们应该把研究重点从如何控制人口数量逐步转到如何提高人口素质，而提高出生人口素质是提高人口素质的基础，出生人口素质又将对人口素质产生长远的影响，因此要尤为重视出生人口素质的提高。提高出生人口素质，最重要的环节就是要满足育龄妇女孕期的各项需求，包括医疗资源、保健、教育等方面。北京市近十多年间出生缺陷发生率上升了近一倍。本文采取描述法，描述了本文描述了北京市2000-2010年育龄妇女人数，及2006-2010年北京市婴儿、新生儿、孕产妇死亡情况及北京市部分区1997-2009出生缺陷发生情况，同时，描述了2010年北京市各区县具有孕产期保健及助产资质的医院情况。以此为基础，本来又采取定性和定量的方法，研究了北京市各区县育龄妇女孕期需求的满足度，需求包括对有助产资格医院的宏观需求和对孕期保健、教育的微观需求。医院资源需求满足度采用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数和市场集中指数，比较研究了北京市各区县有助产资格的医院是否满足本区县育龄妇女基本的就医需要。通过对北京市9家医院的走访调查，采用问卷调查法、访谈法研究了北京市不同孕期和不同户籍的孕期妇女的孕期的各项需求。研究表明，北京市有助产资格医院配置对应其区县育龄妇女人数的均等度的各项指标为：有助产资格医院数的G=0.244、产科床位数的G=0.406、产科执业医师数的G=0.418、产科注册护士数的G=0.562，可见北京市各区县有助产资格的医院的床位数、执业医师数及注册护士数和其所对应的育龄妇女人数的匹配度是不均等的。而市场集中程度指标HH=1040.56，说明北京市的有助产资格的医院在某些区县的市场集中度强，，如东城区，孕妇会舍近求远去这些区县的医院做产前检查或生产。最后，文章提出了改进孕期需求的对策和建议。借鉴孕期保健工作发达的国家的孕期保健相关政策并针对北京市育龄妇女对产科医院的需求及对孕期保健知识的需求，提出更适宜展我国孕期保健发展的相关政策建议。
[Abstract]:At present, the level of reproductive health of Chinese population is not very developed. Every year, nearly 1.2 million newborns have birth defects, congenital disability, serious harm to the development and health of children, and bring great burden and pain to the country, society and family. Birth defects seriously affect the quality of the birth population. The quality of the birth population determines and affects the overall quality of the population. Improving the quality of the birth population is as important as controlling the number of the population. Family planning is the basic national policy to achieve an important goal, but also to achieve China's strategic development of the basic guarantee. At present, at a time of stable low fertility, we should shift our research focus from how to control the number of people to how to improve the quality of the population, and improving the quality of the birth population is the basis for improving the quality of the population. The quality of the birth population will have a long-term impact on the quality of the population, so we should pay special attention to the improvement of the quality of the birth population. To improve the quality of the birth population, the most important step is to meet the needs of women of childbearing age during pregnancy, including medical resources, health care, education and so on. The incidence of birth defects in Beijing has nearly doubled in the past decade. This paper describes the number of women of childbearing age in Beijing from 2000 to 2010, the death of infants, newborns and pregnant women in Beijing from 2006 to 2010, and the incidence of birth defects in some districts of Beijing from 1997 to 2009. This paper describes the status of hospitals with maternity care and midwifery qualification in each district and county of Beijing in 2010. On the basis of this, qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted to study the need of pregnant women in all districts and counties of Beijing. The demand included the macroscopic demand for the qualified hospital for midwifery and the microscopic demand for health care and education during pregnancy. By using Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient and market concentration index, the author compared and studied whether the hospitals with midwifery qualification met the basic needs of women of childbearing age in each district of Beijing. Based on the investigation of 9 hospitals in Beijing, the demands of pregnant women with different pregnancy and household registration in Beijing during pregnancy were studied by means of questionnaire survey. Research shows that The indexes of the allocation of qualified midwifery hospitals in Beijing corresponding to the equal degree of the number of women of childbearing age in districts and counties are as follows: the number of hospitals with midwifery qualifications is 0.244, the number of maternity beds is 0.406, the number of obstetrics practitioners is 0.418, and the number of registered obstetric nurses is 0.562. See the number of beds in hospitals with midwifery qualifications in all districts and counties of Beijing, The number of practising physicians and registered nurses is not equal to the corresponding number of women of childbearing age. The market concentration index HH=1040.56, indicates that hospitals with midwifery qualification in Beijing have strong market concentration in some districts and counties. For example, in Dongcheng District, pregnant women will go to hospitals in these districts and counties for prenatal examination or production. Finally, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the demand during pregnancy. Based on the relevant policies of pregnant health care in developed countries and the demand of maternity hospitals and knowledge of pregnancy care for women of childbearing age in Beijing, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions which are more suitable for the development of health care during pregnancy in China.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C924.21

【相似文献】