计划生育工作中政策工具的选择与优化研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 07:34

【摘要】：政策工具是政策执行主体为有效贯彻执行公共政策，实现政策目标，而采取的一系列措施和方法的统称。公共政策工具的选择对于公共政策的执行至关重要。学术上对政策工具的研究兴起于20世纪80年代，经历了90年代及本世纪初的迅速发展后，目前已经成为当代西方公共管理学和政策科学的研究焦点，并正在迅速成长为一个新的学科分支。政策工具是伴随着公共管理主体和网络的多元化、公共管理过程的复杂化以及公共政策复杂程度和执行难度增加而兴起的，并在新公共管理运动以来的公共管理体制改革中得到广泛运用。由于其强大的解释力和应用性，政策工具理论在财政金融、环境保护、农业政策、土地资源管理、就业服务等多个方面得到了广泛的应用。而本文尝试运用其在以上领域中的研究路径将该理论的应用范围扩大至人口与计划生育领域。我国是世界上人口最多的国家，过多的人口带来了一系列的社会问题，制约着我国经济社会方方面面的发展。故而自上世纪七八十年代开始政府开始推行实施计划生育政策，使得我国人口增长得到了有效地控制。但由于我国的计划生育政策与广大群众的生育意愿存在较大差异，生育率的降低不是在经济发展的基础上自发完成的，而是由于党和政府的强有力的推行而实现的，低生育率还很不稳定，仍有必要继续实行计划生育基本国策。在执行计划生育基本国策的过程中，，各种计划生育政策工具是连接政策目标和政策结果的桥梁，它们由于具有不同的特性发挥了各自不同的作用。我国的计划生育政策工具主要包括行政强制型工具、法制型工具、利益导向型工具、宣传教育型工具、以及新时期的服务型工具等，本文主要是用政策工具相关理论观点通过考察我国计划生育政策执行过程中各个计生政策工具的选择与运用情况，分析各个政策工具存在的缺陷，并试图提出优化和创新建议，以期能够使各项政策工具作用的发挥更加完善，更好的执行新时期的人口与计划生育政策，为我国的人口与计划生育事业的长足发展添砖加瓦。
[Abstract]:Policy tool is a general term of a series of measures and methods adopted by policy executors to carry out public policies effectively and achieve policy objectives. The choice of public policy tools is very important to the implementation of public policy. The academic research on policy tools rose in the 1980s. After the rapid development in the 1990s and the beginning of this century, it has become the focus of modern western public management and policy science. And is rapidly growing into a new branch of the subject. Along with the diversification of public management subjects and networks, the complexity of public management process, and the increasing complexity and difficulty of public policy implementation, policy tools have emerged. And in the new public management movement since the public management system reform has been widely used. Due to its strong explanatory power and application, the theory of policy tools has been widely used in finance and finance, environmental protection, agricultural policy, land resource management, employment services and so on. This paper tries to extend the application of this theory to population and family planning by using its research path in the above fields. China is the most populous country in the world. The excessive population brings a series of social problems and restricts the development of all aspects of our economy and society. Therefore, since the 1970s and 1980s, the government began to implement family planning policy, which effectively controlled the population growth in China. However, because there is a great difference between our country's family planning policy and the broad masses' desire to have children, the reduction of the fertility rate is not achieved spontaneously on the basis of economic development, but because of the strong implementation of the party and the government. Low fertility rate is still very unstable, it is still necessary to continue to implement the basic national policy of family planning. In the process of implementing the basic national policy of family planning, various family planning policy tools are the bridge between policy objectives and policy results, and they play different roles because of their different characteristics. The family planning policy tools of our country mainly include the administrative compulsory tool, the legal system tool, the benefit oriented tool, the propaganda and education type tool, and the service type tool of the new era, etc. This article mainly uses the policy tool correlation theory viewpoint through the inspection our country family planning policy implementation each family planning policy tool choice and the application situation, analyzes each policy tool existence flaw, and attempts to propose the optimization and the innovation proposal. In order to make the role of various policy tools more perfect, better carry out the population and family planning policy in the new period, and contribute to the rapid development of population and family planning cause of our country.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C924.21

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