俄罗斯人口危机及社会问题研究
发布时间：2018-11-03 15:41
【摘要】：苏联解体后，急剧的经济转型与社会变革导致一系列人口危机。俄罗斯人口持续负增长，直到2012年底才实现小幅增长，2013年人口出生率才开始高于死亡率，首次实现人口自然正增长。由于两次世界大战期间大批苏联男性在战场上牺牲，加之苏联解体后经济持续低迷、生存压力巨大等原因，俄罗斯男性人口始终明显低于女性人口，性别比例严重失衡。早在2002年，俄罗斯60岁以上老龄人口所占比例就已经达到18.46%，早已经步入老龄化社会，且老龄人口所占比例逐年上升，人口老龄化问题日益严峻。由于经济发达程度与自然条件差异巨大等原因，俄罗斯人口的区域分布严重不均，失业问题也非常严重。 本文跟踪2000年以来俄罗斯人口变动的数据，就上述问题进行了详细分析，并从历史根源、经济因素、生活习俗与自然条件等多个角度分析了俄罗斯人口危机产生的根源。就俄罗斯联邦政府针对人口危机启动实施的政策措施进行了梳理并对实施成效进行了概要总结。从中俄两国战略协作伙伴关系及睦邻友好邻邦的角度，得出如下结论：首先，俄罗斯仍然面临人口增长乏力、地域分布、性别比例和年龄结构失衡的危机。其次，中俄两国分别针对东北地区和远东地区的振兴与发展启动了国家战略，两国在这一问题上具有广阔合作空间。
[Abstract]:After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the rapid economic transformation and social change led to a series of population crises. Russia's population continued to grow negatively until the end of 2012, when the birth rate began to rise above the death rate until the end of 2012, the first natural positive increase in the population. Because a large number of Soviet men died on the battlefield during the two world wars, combined with the economic downturn after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the survival pressure and other reasons, the Russian male population has always been significantly lower than the female population, the gender ratio is seriously unbalanced. As early as 2002, the proportion of aged population over 60 years old in Russia has reached 18.46%, and the proportion of aged population has been increasing year by year. The problem of aging population is becoming more and more serious. Because of the great difference between economic development and natural conditions, the regional distribution of Russian population is seriously uneven and the unemployment problem is very serious. This paper tracks the data of Russian population change since 2000, analyzes the above problems in detail, and analyzes the root causes of Russian population crisis from historical root, economic factors, living customs and natural conditions. This paper reviews the policy measures initiated by the Russian government in response to the population crisis and summarizes the effectiveness of the implementation. From the angle of Sino-Russian strategic cooperative partnership and good-neighborly and friendly neighbors, the following conclusions are drawn: first, Russia still faces the crisis of weak population growth, geographical distribution, gender ratio and age structure imbalance. Secondly, China and Russia have launched a national strategy for the revitalization and development of the Northeast region and the far East region respectively, and the two countries have broad scope for cooperation on this issue.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C924.1
本文编号：2308220
[Abstract]:After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the rapid economic transformation and social change led to a series of population crises. Russia's population continued to grow negatively until the end of 2012, when the birth rate began to rise above the death rate until the end of 2012, the first natural positive increase in the population. Because a large number of Soviet men died on the battlefield during the two world wars, combined with the economic downturn after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the survival pressure and other reasons, the Russian male population has always been significantly lower than the female population, the gender ratio is seriously unbalanced. As early as 2002, the proportion of aged population over 60 years old in Russia has reached 18.46%, and the proportion of aged population has been increasing year by year. The problem of aging population is becoming more and more serious. Because of the great difference between economic development and natural conditions, the regional distribution of Russian population is seriously uneven and the unemployment problem is very serious. This paper tracks the data of Russian population change since 2000, analyzes the above problems in detail, and analyzes the root causes of Russian population crisis from historical root, economic factors, living customs and natural conditions. This paper reviews the policy measures initiated by the Russian government in response to the population crisis and summarizes the effectiveness of the implementation. From the angle of Sino-Russian strategic cooperative partnership and good-neighborly and friendly neighbors, the following conclusions are drawn: first, Russia still faces the crisis of weak population growth, geographical distribution, gender ratio and age structure imbalance. Secondly, China and Russia have launched a national strategy for the revitalization and development of the Northeast region and the far East region respectively, and the two countries have broad scope for cooperation on this issue.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C924.1
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