资源、环境约束下生育成本分析：以中国生育政策变迁为例

发布时间：2018-12-13 21:02

【摘要】： 生育成本从承担的主体上可分为私人成本和社会成本。早期的生育成本研究侧重于私人成本,包括直接成本和间接成本。这些研究开创了用经济学的观点来研究生育问题的先河。在人口众多的中国,可利用的资源越来越少,人口却在不断增加,那么再多出生一个人也许就意味着社会要再多出一份资源来让他生活、上学、就业、养老等等。我们将社会所承担的这些成本称之为生育的社会成本。随着我国经济的发展,人民生活水平的不断提高,各种社会保障制度的不断完善,我们的社会所承担的生育成本只会越来越多。那么在资源、环境约束下的生育成本究竟具有什么样的特征呢,我们又应该如何来应对呢?本文依据适度人口理论和外部性理论,采用历史分析的方法,对资源、环境约束下生育成本进行了全面的分析,证明在资源、环境约束下生育社会成本的存在和家庭生育成本的提高。其中生育成本在资源环境约束下的变化主要体现在公共品的供给、社会福利提供等。这种负担不但社会感受到了,生育的主体——家庭也感受到了,在新的历史阶段就必然产生适应此阶段的生育决策。综合个人成本和社会成本的变迁,当资源、环境产生对人类生育行为约束时,我们自然要调整和完善我们的生育政策,以便达到人口、资源、环境的和谐发展。
[Abstract]:Reproductive cost can be divided into private cost and social cost from the subject. Early research on reproductive costs focused on private costs, including direct and indirect costs. These studies have pioneered the study of fertility from an economic point of view. In China with a large population, there are fewer and fewer resources available, but the population is increasing, so one more person may mean that the society has to devote another part of its resources to life, school, employment, old-age care and so on. We call these costs borne by society the social costs of fertility. With the development of economy, the improvement of people's living standard and the improvement of social security system, our society will bear more and more reproductive costs. So what are the characteristics of fertility costs under the constraints of resources and environment, and how should we deal with them? Based on the theory of moderate population and the theory of externality, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the reproductive cost under the constraints of resources and environment by using the method of historical analysis. The existence of the social cost of fertility and the increase of the cost of family birth under the restriction of environment. The change of reproductive cost under the constraint of resources and environment is mainly reflected in the supply of public goods and the provision of social welfare. This burden is not only felt by the society, but also felt by the family, the main body of fertility. With the change of personal cost and social cost, when resources and environment restrict human fertility behavior, we should naturally adjust and perfect our fertility policy in order to achieve the harmonious development of population, resources and environment.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：C924.21

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