生育政策与中国家庭的变迁

发布时间：2019-05-08 16:45

【摘要】：严格的生育政策是过去近40年中国最重要的公共政策之一,而家庭作为其根本关切、落脚场域和后果的直接承载者,是反观社会和政策效用的微型镜像。本文试图还原生育政策与家庭变迁的关系,剖析家庭变迁的基本路径与模式。文章认为,国家力量参与了家庭变迁的过程,并主要通过生育政策"控量"、"提质"及其互动而作用于家庭,使得中国家庭的变迁带有明显公器干预的痕迹,有别于西方家庭自然演进的特点。家庭外在型态"失态与稳态并存",但主要表现为"变迁中的存续",而家庭年龄和性别结构及生命周期重心变化则预示"存续中的变迁";家庭内在结构重心流变且"接力-反哺"共生;家庭变迁的过程短、速度快、外生性强。尽管家庭的"常"大于"变",但这些变化已给家庭的长期发展能力带来严峻挑战,需要家庭友好政策的支持与修复。
[Abstract]:The strict fertility policy has been one of the most important public policies in China in the past 40 years, and the family, as its fundamental concern, is a micro mirror of the social and policy effectiveness in contrast to its immediate bearing on the field and consequences. This paper attempts to restore the relationship between fertility policy and family change, and to analyze the basic path and mode of family change. The article holds that the national power participates in the process of family change, and acts on the family mainly through the birth policy "controlling quantity", "improving quality" and its interaction, which makes the change of Chinese family with obvious signs of public intervention. Distinct from the natural evolution of Western families. The external form of family "exists with steady state", but it is mainly expressed as "existence in transition", while the change of family age and gender structure and center of gravity of life cycle indicates "change in existence", while the change of family age and sex structure and center of gravity of life cycle indicates "change in existence". Family internal structure center of gravity changes and "relay-feedback" symbiosis; the process of family change is short, fast, exogenously strong. Although the "constant" of the family is greater than the "change", these changes have posed a serious challenge to the long-term development ability of the family and require the support and rehabilitation of the family-friendly policy.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学社会与人口学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金“‘普二新政’下家庭友好政策与女性家庭-工作平衡关系研究”(项目批准号:71673287)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：C924.21

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