先秦两汉时期疫灾地理研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 09:28

本文选题：瘟疫灾害 + 疫灾序列　；参考：《中国历史地理论丛》2010年03期

【摘要】：疫灾是由传染病大规模流行导致人类健康与生命损失的灾害。先秦两汉时期(公元前771～220年)见于记载的疫灾年份57个,疫灾频度5.74%。其中,春秋战国为1.64%;西汉为7.33%;东汉为15.90%;公元前二世纪为4%,公元前一世纪为9%,公元一世纪为12%,公元二世纪为15%。不排除疫灾记载有近详远略的可能,但从全国范围看,先秦两汉时期疫灾越来越频繁的趋势是客观存在的。疫灾发生的季节除秋季较少外,春、夏、冬季的概率差不多。在周期性规律上,该时期经历了2个大的疫灾稀少期和3个大的疫灾频繁期,第一个波动周期(公元前200～公元前120年)约80年时间,波峰不很明显;第二个波动周期(公元前120～80年)长达2个世纪,其中公元前50～50年的疫灾频度高达17%,为两汉之际的疫灾高峰;第三个波动周期始于80年,东汉灭亡尚未结束,而是下接三国时期的疫灾高峰。在空间分布上,疫灾分布与人口分布有高度相关性,先秦时期仅黄河、长江流域有疫灾发生,西汉时期由于匈奴的介入,蒙新高原开始有疫灾记载,东汉时期南方人口大量增加,东南沿海开始有疫灾记载。总体来说,先秦两汉时期的疫灾是北方甚于南方,但随着时间推移,南方疫灾比重不断提高,反映了南方人口与经济的发展。
[Abstract]:Epidemic disease is a disaster caused by the mass epidemic of infectious diseases, which results in the loss of human health and life.The pre-Qin and Han dynasties (771BC ~ 220 BC) were recorded in 57 epidemic years, the frequency of epidemic disasters was 5.74.Among them, the Spring and Autumn warring States was 1.64; the Western Han was 7.33; the Eastern Han was 15.90; the second century BC was 4th century BC, the first century BC was 9th century BC, the first century AD was 12th century AD, and the second century AD was 15th century AD.It is possible not to rule out the record of epidemic disaster, but from the national scope, the epidemic disaster is more and more frequent in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties.Except autumn, the probability of occurrence of epidemic disaster is similar in spring, summer and winter.In terms of periodicity, the period experienced two major periods of epidemic scarcity and three major periods of frequent disasters. The first wave cycle (200 ~ 120 BC) was about 80 years, and the peak was not obvious.The second wave cycle (120-80 BC) lasted for two centuries, of which the frequency of epidemic disasters from 50 to 50 BC was as high as 17 times, which was the peak during the Han Dynasty, and the third wave cycle began in 80 years, and the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty was not over.It was the peak of the epidemic that followed the three Kingdoms.In terms of spatial distribution, the distribution of epidemic disasters was highly related to the population distribution. In the pre-Qin period, only the Yellow River was the only one, and the Yangtze River basin was affected. During the Western Han Dynasty, due to the intervention of the Xiongnu, the epidemic disaster began to be recorded in the New Plateau of Mongolia.During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the population of the south increased greatly, and the epidemic disaster began to be recorded along the southeast coast.In general, the epidemic disaster in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties was more severe in the north than in the south, but with the passage of time, the proportion of the epidemic disaster in the south increased, reflecting the development of population and economy in the south.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院地理系;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(40471036) 国家社会科学基金项目(09BZS031) 国家教育部人文社会科学项目(08JA770013) 国家科技部社会公益项目(2004DIB1J032)
【分类号】：K928.6

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