宋代地图绘制理论与实践互动研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 15:08

本文选题：宋代 + 地图　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：从各种传世文献、碑刻的记载来看,宋代地图数量丰富、种类多样,但在专门的系统研究方面目前还比较薄弱。本文试图从两宋相关文献、传世石刻地图入手,对宋代地图做进一步的梳理,尽力呈现地图使用者与绘制者之间的互动关系,进而揭示宋代地图发展的内驱力。本文一共分为四个部分:第一部分,绪论。主要是对选题意义、学术史及文章创新点等做一个简要的介绍。辨析了关于“地图”的一组概念,厘清历史地图和古地图的区别,本文所述宋代地图既包括了宋人所绘的古地图也包括宋代的历史地图。另外,呈现了宋人眼中地图的内涵与外延,认为在两宋时代所谓的地图比今天具备更加广泛地含义。本文认为,学界专门针对宋代地图的研究还相对比较薄弱,因此非常有必要进行更深一步的研究。第二部分,宋代地图成就概述。主要分为两大领域的成就,其一,两宋在地图绘制理论方面所取得的成果,如“飞鸟图”绘制法、“彩画地图”法及立体地图制作法;其二,两宋时代的绘图实践也成果颇丰,按照其绘制内容主要分为政区地图、军事地图、民事地图、文教地图和览胜地图,并且通过表格分别进行梳理。第三部分,宋代地图的应用范畴。本章立足于两宋时代地图的应用领域,分为五类介绍。其一:频繁军政中使用的地图;其二:纷繁民政中使用的地图;其三:皇帝指掌天下所使用的地图;其四:宋儒经解考证所使用的历史地图;其五:文人士大夫山水览胜所使用的“旅游图”。第四部分,宋代地图应用与绘制的互动。本章基于宋代地图的不断发展,论述其内驱力为:宋代地图的使用者和绘制者之间存在一种彼此反馈的互动关系。首先是使用者的信息反馈,这些反馈信息包括三类:一是对于地图绘制方法的不满意;二是对地图绘制载体提出了更高的要求;三是对于地图所绘制的内容存在疑问。其次,是地图绘制者对于这些反馈信息所做出的回应,由绘制方法引起的不满,就着手改进绘制方法,沈括的“飞鸟图”之法、“彩画地图”法都是对于原有方法的改进。由二维的纸质或石刻所带来的观感的缺失问题,则着手变更绘制载体,黄裳的“地理木图”和朱熹“胶泥起草”立体地图都试图通过绘图载体的变更,提升用户体验。由绘制内容引发的问题则是着手更正内容,考证或直接实地勘测,均是为更正内容而为的。而正因为这种互动反馈关系的存在,宋代地图才得以进一步的发展。最后是全文的结语,认为宋代地图成就斐然,离不开内外因素的共同促进。从另一方面来说,关于宋代地图的论述,亦可以为宋代历史地理学的研究增砖添瓦。
[Abstract]:According to various documents and inscriptions, the number of maps in Song Dynasty is abundant and varied, but the special systematic research is still weak at present. This paper tries to start with the related documents of the Song Dynasty and pass on the stone carvings map to further comb the map of the Song Dynasty, and try to present the interactive relationship between the map users and the plotters, and then reveal the internal driving force of the development of the map in the Song Dynasty. This article is divided into four parts altogether: the first part, introduction. It is a brief introduction to the significance of the topic, academic history and innovation of the article. This paper analyzes a group of concepts about "map", and clarifies the difference between historical map and ancient map. The map of Song Dynasty includes not only the ancient map drawn by Song people, but also the historical map of Song Dynasty. In addition, it presents the connotation and extension of the map in the eyes of the Song people, and thinks that the so-called map in the Song Dynasty has more extensive meaning than it is today. This paper holds that the research on the map of Song Dynasty is relatively weak, so it is necessary to carry out further research. The second part, the Song Dynasty map achievement summary. It is mainly divided into two major achievements. First, the achievements of the two Song dynasties in the theory of map drawing, such as "Flying Bird Map", "Color painting Map" and the method of making stereoscopic map, are also fruitful in the drawing practice of the Song Dynasty. According to its drawing content, it is mainly divided into political district map, military map, civil map, culture map and Showcase map, and combed through tables respectively. The third part, the application category of Song Dynasty map. This chapter is based on the two Song Dynasty map application field, divided into five types of introduction. The first is the map used frequently in military and political affairs; the second is the map used in numerous civil affairs; the third is the map used by the emperor to control the world; the fourth is the historical map used in the interpretation and textual research of the Confucian classics of Song Dynasty; Fifth, the literati, literati and officials used the "tourist map". The fourth part, the interaction between map application and drawing in Song Dynasty. Based on the continuous development of the map in Song Dynasty, this chapter discusses its internal driving force: there is a mutual feedback interaction between the map users and the drafters of the Song Dynasty. The first is the information feedback of users, which includes three kinds of information: one is not satisfied with the method of map rendering; the other is to put forward higher requirements for map rendering carrier; third, there are questions about the content of map rendering. Secondly, the response of cartographer to these feedback information, the dissatisfaction caused by the rendering method, the improvement of the method, Shen Kuo's method of "Flying Bird Map" and the method of "Color drawing Map" are all improvements to the original method. The lack of visual perception caused by two-dimensional paper or stone carvings leads to the change of drawing carrier. The "geography wood map" and Zhu Xi "cement drafting" stereoscopic map of yellow clothes try to improve the user experience through the change of drawing carrier. The problem caused by drawing content is to correct the content, textual research or direct field survey, are for the correction of the content. And because of this kind of interactive feedback relationship, the Song Dynasty map can be further developed. Finally, the conclusion of the full text, that the Song Dynasty map achievements, can not be separated from the promotion of internal and external factors. On the other hand, the exposition on the map of Song Dynasty can also add bricks to the study of historical geography of Song Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K928.6

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