历史时期塔里木盆地南缘交通线路变迁与环境的关系

发布时间：2018-12-24 11:17

【摘要】：通过对古遗址、古交通线路的多年考察以及沉积剖面分析,结合历史文献和考古资料,探讨了塔里木盆地南缘汉代以来在自然与人文环境影响下交通线路变迁的特点。历史上,在汉、唐两个最为兴盛的时期,气候湿润,国家统一,中央政府统辖西域军政事物。自然与人文环境有利于发展。塔里木盆地南缘各绿洲经济发达,社会稳定,交通往来频繁,线路稳定、通畅。在此两个时期之后的阶段,自然环境干燥少雨,中央政府衰败,难以顾及和控制西域,地方政权相互角逐争斗。绿洲受多种因素影响迁移、废弃或消失过程中,交通线路变迁快。空间上,东西向的交通线路在和田河与克里雅河之间向南移动了200km左右;克里雅河与车尔臣河之间向南移动了100km左右;和田河以西移动了10—50km;而车尔臣河以东变化不大。南北向的交通线路中,沿和田河的交通线路自古以来一直有人通行,而沿克里雅河的路古代也曾是连接盆地南北的主要通道。
[Abstract]:Based on the investigation of ancient sites and ancient traffic routes and the analysis of sedimentary profiles, combined with historical documents and archaeological data, the characteristics of traffic route changes under the influence of natural and human environment since the Han Dynasty in the southern margin of Tarim Basin were discussed. In history, in the Han and Tang dynasties, the climate was moist, the country unified, and the central government ruled the military affairs of the Western region. The natural and humanistic environment is conducive to development. In the southern margin of Tarim Basin, the oases have developed economy, stable society, frequent traffic, stable and unobstructed routes. After these two periods, the natural environment was dry and little rain, the central government was decaying, it was difficult to take into account and control the western regions, and the local governments competed and fought each other. The oasis is affected by many factors, and the traffic line changes quickly in the process of disuse or disappearing. In space, the east-west traffic lines move southward about 200km between the Hotan River and the Creya River, the 100km between the Creya River and the Cherson River, 10-50 km to the west of the Hotan River, and little change to the east of the Cholchen River. The route along the Hotan River has been used since ancient times, and the road along the Creya River was the main passage connecting the north and the south of the basin in ancient times.
【作者单位】：北京联合大学应用文理学院城市系新疆绿洲生态重点实验室
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(批准号:40461008) 国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(批准号:G1999043508)
【分类号】：K928.6

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