杜诏及《中晚唐诗叩弹集》研究

  本文关键词：杜诏及《中晚唐诗叩弹集》研究，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

        本论文的研究对象是清初时杜诏、杜庭珠于康熙42年(1703)、43年(1704)编成并刊刻的一部唐诗选本《中晚唐诗叩弹集》,该书正集十二卷,选37位中晚唐诗人的诗1594首,续集三卷,补选76位中晚唐五代诗人的诗作265首,全书共选中晚唐五代113名诗人的诗1859首。本论文通过对此唐诗选本的综合研究,得出如下结论：该书产生的时代原因有两个：一、康熙皇帝对唐诗的情有独钟使得唐宋诗之争中的宗唐派获得了特别的强势,这为该书的产生提供了精神引导。二、明代人对初盛唐诗的过度重视和对中晚唐诗的过度轻视使得明末清初的学者们纷纷抨击明代“诗必盛唐”之说的流弊,并掀起了重视中晚唐诗的热潮,这为该书的产生营造了舆论支持。该书产生的直接原因有三个：一、作为该书编者之一杜诏的两位老师,严绳孙和顾贞观“独抒性灵”的论诗主张给杜诏以深刻的影响,这为该书的选编原则输送了思想养料。二、杜诏在气质性情上的真挚醇厚和诗学追求上的“专主性灵”使得他更注重具有“才调风情”的诗歌,并把中晚唐诗作为选诗范围,这是杜诏、杜庭珠编选此书最内在的原因。三、严绳孙、顾贞观丰富的藏书和杜诏、杜庭珠充饶的家财使得该书的产生不仅可能,而且很快,这为该书的产生准备了成熟的物质条件。《中晚唐诗叩弹集》的编选动机主要来自两个方面：一个方面是因为高棅《唐诗品汇》选诗时重“初盛唐”而轻“中晚唐”,选“中晚唐诗”时又重“贞元以前”而轻“元和以后”,为了弥补高棅之书的缺陷,杜诏、杜庭珠此书专选“中晚唐诗”。另一方面是因为高棅选诗时基于初盛唐诗基本一致的时代风貌而着重于诗格的“浑厚含蓄”,而中晚唐诗体现了更为鲜明的个人特色,故杜诏、杜庭珠选诗时只能着重于诗味的“才调风情”。《中晚唐诗叩弹集》的收录原则主要来自两个角度：一个角度是题材上侧重于收录具有“才调风情”的诗歌,而对诗歌的体裁不甚在意,这是该书诗学思想的必然要求；另一个角度是在体裁上侧重于近体尤其是七言近体,但对诗歌的题材尽量兼顾。这是晚唐诗歌实情的客观限制。《中晚唐诗叩弹集》的选诗情况有三个内容需要交代。首先,就诗人的选择而言,该书选诗最多的十个诗人依次是：白居易、李商隐、温庭筠,王建、李贺、杜牧、韩偓、许浑、张籍、张祜。其中白居易、王建、张籍、李贺四人为中唐诗人,其余六人为晚唐诗人。这表明,晚唐诗人比中唐诗人更喜欢写具有才调风情的诗歌。其次,就体裁的选择而言,入选的近体诗压倒性的比重(超过了70%)表明了最能表现“才调风情”的三大体裁是七律、五律、七绝,其比例是3：2：2。最后,就题材的分布而言,爱情诗和咏史怀古诗入选最多,这表明最能表现才调风情的题材有两个：一是谈情说爱,二是咏史怀古。《中晚唐诗叩弹集》的主要成就有四个：第一,从众多的中晚唐诗作品中体会到了中晚唐诗完全不同于“浑厚含蓄”的初盛唐诗的主体品格是“才调风情”,这对认识中晚唐诗人诗作相当鲜明的个人特色提供了一个适宜的研究角度。第二,该书表明七律、五律、七绝是最能表现才调风情的三种题材,而且这三种体裁表现才调风情的能力相差不大(因为这三种体裁入选诗作的比例是3：2：2)。第三,该书表明了爱情诗和咏史怀古诗在表现才调风情时突出的作用和地位。第四,作为收诗数量之多仅次于明高棅《唐诗品汇》的唐诗选本,该书不仅收诗很多,而且所收皆中晚唐诗,这就弥补了明高棅《唐诗品汇》选诗过于轻视中晚唐诗的缺陷。《中晚唐诗叩弹集》的缺陷和失误相当多,主要如下：一,选诗标准的含义是模糊的。二,选诗范围(即“中晚唐诗”的起始年代)是模糊的。三、《例言》的陈述是自相矛盾的。四、选本的实际与《例言》制定的规矩不相符合。五,诗人和诗作的前后排列,皆相当混乱。结论：杜诏、杜庭珠选编的《中晚唐诗叩弹集》是一个有眼光、有思想、有成就、有价值的唐诗选本。在某种意义上,《中晚唐诗叩弹集》(十五卷)是明高棅《唐诗品汇》(九十卷)的续编,这两个选本相结合,才能组成一本完整的、能够比较合理地反映整个唐诗全貌的唐诗选本。但是,《中晚唐诗叩弹集》是一本急就章似的草创之作,缺陷和失误相当多,亟待后人的研究和整理。

    This paper is a comprehensive study of <Zhong Wan Tang Shi Kou Tan Ji>, which was compiled by Du Zhao and Du Tingzhu in early Qing Dynasty. This Tang poetry anthology had12volumes, compiled37poets’1594poems who were lived in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty. Sequel other three volumes about76poets’poems265.So,the book selected113poet’s1859poems in the Middle and Late Tang dynasty. Through the comprehensive study of this anthology, we can get the following conclusions:There are two era reasons for the book generated:First, Kangxi’Favorites about the Tang peoms makes the school which like Tang poems win in the war between Tang poems and Song poems.This Provided spiritual guidance for the generation of the book. Second, people in Ming Dynasty pay too much emphasis on the early and prosperous period Tang poems made the scholars of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties criticized the poetics concept about "the flourishing Tang poems are the best"of the Ming Dynasty. A craze of paying attention to the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty poetry had been set off. It provided a public opinion support of the book to create.There are three direct reasons for the book generated:The poetics concept about "express the emotion" of Du Zhao’s two teachers Gu Zhenguan and Yan Shengsun affected him profoundly. Second, the poetics concept about "pay attentionto spirit and emotion" of Du Zhao. The third, Gu Zhenguan and Yan Shengsun’s rich collection of books and Du Zhao’s wealthy family.The compilers’motivation mainly from two aspects:First, in order to remedy the drawback of Gao Bing’s<Tang Shi Pin Hui> what is value the early and prosperous Tang Poetry when he compiled. The other is because Gao Bing only focused on the Tang poetry style, the two Mr.Du had to pay more attention to "artistic talent and emotion" of the Middle and Late Tang PoetryThe standard for compilation of the <Zhong Wan Tang Shi Kou Tan Ji> is from two angles:one is focusing to choose the poetry whose theme is focused on "artistic talent and emotion". The other is the type of poetry is focused on morden type, especially the qi yan.There are three points about the poetry content of <Zhong Wan Tang Shi Kou Tan Ji>need to tell: First, as for the selection of poets, the ten whose poetry had been selected the most in proper order are Bai Juyi、Li Shangyin、Wen Tingyu、Wang Jian、Li He、Du Mu、 Han Wo、Xu HunvZhang Ji and Zhang Hu. Among them, Bai Juyi、Wang Jia、Zhang Ji、Li He were the Middle Tang Dynasty Poem, the rest of the six were the Late Tang Dynasty poem. This shows that, the later prefered to write the poetry which with a style of "artistic talent and emotion" than the former.Secondly, as for the selection of the type of poetry, the large proportion of modern-style shows that the three poetry type which can reflect the "artistic talent and emotion" are wuyan Metrical、qiyan Metrical and qiyan Quatrains. And the ratio is3:2:2.Last, as for the distribution of subject matter, Love Poems and History-Nostalgia Poems selected most. Tt shows that there are two subjects which can reflect the "artistic talent and emotion"best:the Love Poems and History-Nostalgia Poems.There are four main achievements about<Zhong Wan Tang Shi Kou Tan Ji>:First, from so much the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty poetry, we realize its main mharacter is completely different from the "deep and implicit" of the early and prosperous Tang Poetry. It can provide a appropriate research perspective to realize the distinctive personal characteristics about the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty poems and poetry.Secondly, this anthology shows that wuyan Metrical、qiyan Metrical and qiyan Quatrains are the best poetry type which can reflect the "artistic talent and emotion", Meanwhile, their ability are more or less the same (because the three types’selected ratio is3:2:2).Third, this anthology shows the outstanding role and status of Love Poems and History-Nostalgia Poems when they reflect the "artistic talent and emotion"Fourth, as a anthology of Tang Dynasty poetry which compiled the most poetry preceded only by Gao Bing’s<Tang Shi Pin Hui>,it not only compiled so much poetry, more important is the poetry it compiled is all Middle and Late Tang Dynasty. It remedyed the drawback of Gao Bing’santhology about underrating the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty poetry overly.There are quite a lot defects and mistakes about<Zhong Wan Tang Shi Kou Tan Ji>, mainly as follows:First, the meaning of the compilation standard is fuzzy. Second, the range of selecting poems (ie, the starting age of Late Tang Dynasty) is vague. Third, the statement of reface is self-contradictory. Fourth, the real facts didn’t conform with the rules the reface established.Fifth, the arrangement of poets and poetry are both orderless.Conclusion:<Zhong Wan Tang Shi Kou Tan Ji> which was compiled by Du Zhao and Du Tingzhu, is an anthology with vision、ideas、achievements and value. In a sense,<Zhong Wan Tang Shi Kou Tan Ji>(15volumes) is the continuation of Gao Bing’s<Tang Shi Pin Hui>. Onlythe two anthologies combine together can build up an integral anthology which can reflect the Tang Dynasty’s whole aspect reasonablely.But,<Zhong Wan Tang Shi Kou Tan Ji> is an urgent works, so there are quite o lot of flaws and mistakes. It needs descendants to research and collate urgently.

杜诏及《中晚唐诗叩弹集》研究

摘要5-7Abstract7-9目录10-11前言11-14第一章 《中晚唐诗叩弹集》的成书背景14-26    第一节 清初诗坛“唐宋诗之争”中宗唐派的强势地位14-20    第二节 清人对明人“诗必盛唐”之说流弊的矫枉意识20-26第二章 杜诏的生平、交游及性情、趣味26-34    第一节 杜诏的生平行迹和交游圈子26-30    第二节 杜诏的气质性情和诗学趣味30-34第三章 编选动机、收录原则及选诗情况34-52    第一节 《中晚唐诗叩弹集》的编选动机34-40    第二节 《中晚唐诗叩弹集》的收录原则40-45    第三节 《中晚唐诗叩弹集》的选诗情况45-52第四章 《中晚唐诗叩弹集》的优缺点和影响力52-58    第一节 《中晚唐诗叩弹集》的优缺点52-54    第二节 《中晚唐诗叩弹集》的影响力54-58结语58-60参考文献60-63致谢63

  本文关键词：杜诏及《中晚唐诗叩弹集》研究，，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。