我国“三农”问题的财政政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 10:24

本文选题：“三农”问题　切入点：财政政策　出处：《武汉大学》2005年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,愈益严峻的“三农”问题已成为我国现代化进程整体推进的最大“瓶颈”约束。随着我国经济发展进入新的阶段,适时解决“三农”问题已成为全社会的共识。进入21世纪以来,政府的确采取了大量的政策调整和改革措施,朝着解决“三农”问题的方向不断的努力。勿庸讳言的是,虽然有局部缓解,但从总体上看,“三农”问题并没有出现根本好转的势头。并且,就在我们花大力气解决问题的时候,我们的城乡收入差距还不合理的扩大了。这促使我们重新审视为解决“三农”问题所进行的所有政策调整和改革措施是否存在重大偏差和失误。本文正是在这种理性审视的基础上研究解决“三农”问题的财政政策。文章首先论述了财政政策支持“三农”问题的必要性和紧迫性;其次,分析了我国现行财政支农政策中存在的问题;其次,通过回顾建国以来财政支农政策的演变历程,追根溯源,分析“三农”问题产生的深层原因;最后,针对现行政策中存在的问题,并借鉴国外支农政策的经验,提出相应的财政政策建议。我的结论是,从一定意义上讲,目前的“三农”问题已经和过去的农业问题发生了质的变化,如果说过去的农业问题主要表现在宏观经济层面上的诸如粮食产量、农业产业等问题的话,则现在的“三农”问题已经从单纯的国民经济协调发展问题演变成一个以收入分配、公平待遇为核心的社会经济问题。因此,中国农业的周期性波动不是主要由供求关系等市场力量所决定的,而是主要由政策偏差和政府行为的不良偏好所决定的。建国初至今的财政政策偏差是“三农”问题产生的根源,农民的末等公民地位是农业和农村不景气的深层原因。只有转变观念,打破城乡藩篱,取消“一国两策”,取消任何形式的身份歧视,给农民以同等的国民待遇,改革不平等的财政体制,才是解决“三农”问题的治本之策。从长远和全局看,要根本解决“三农”问题有必要将尚未彻底完成的农村改革进一步推向深入。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the increasingly severe problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" has become the biggest "bottleneck" constraint for the overall advancement of China's modernization process. As China's economic development enters a new stage, Since 21th century, the government has indeed adopted a large number of policy adjustments and reform measures, and has been making continuous efforts in the direction of solving the "three rural" problems. Although there has been partial relief, on the whole, the "three rural" problems have not shown a fundamental improvement. And, just as we are making great efforts to solve the problems, Our income gap between urban and rural areas has been widened unreasonably. This has prompted us to re-examine whether there are any major deviations and mistakes in all the policy adjustments and reform measures to solve the "three rural" problems. On the basis of this rational examination, this paper studies the fiscal policy to solve the problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers". Firstly, the article discusses the necessity and urgency of fiscal policy to support the problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers"; secondly, This paper analyzes the problems existing in the current financial policy of supporting agriculture in our country; secondly, by reviewing the evolution of the policy of supporting agriculture in finance since the founding of the people's Republic of China, and tracing back to the source, it analyzes the deep causes of the problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers". In view of the problems existing in the current policies and drawing lessons from the experience of foreign agricultural support policies, the corresponding fiscal policy suggestions are put forward. My conclusion is that, in a certain sense, the current "three rural" problems have undergone qualitative changes with the past agricultural problems. If the agricultural problems of the past were mainly manifested in macroeconomic aspects such as grain production, In the case of agricultural industries, the current "three rural" problems have evolved from a simple coordinated development of the national economy to a social and economic problem with income distribution and fair treatment as the core. The cyclical fluctuations in Chinese agriculture are not mainly determined by market forces such as supply and demand. It is mainly determined by the policy deviation and the bad preference of the government's behavior. The fiscal policy deviation from the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China to the present is the root cause of the problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers". The ultimate civil status of peasants is the deep cause of the recession in agriculture and rural areas. Only by changing ideas, breaking down barriers between urban and rural areas, abolishing "one country, two policies", abolishing any form of identity discrimination, giving farmers equal national treatment, The reform of the unequal financial system is the solution to the problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers". In the long run and the overall situation, it is necessary to push the rural reform which has not yet been completed thoroughly to further deepen in the long run and the overall situation.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：F812.0

【引证文献】