毛泽东农民观及其对“三农”问题的启示

发布时间：2019-06-22 11:23

【摘要】： 中国是一个农业大国,素有“中国的问题就是农民问题”的说法。中国的农业和农村经济经过30多年的改革和发展,取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就。在中国现代化加速推进的过程中,中国农村社会经济发展也出现了许多不协调的现象,农民问题以“三农”困境的方式浮出水面,成为中国全面建设小康社会的一道障碍。毛泽东在领导中国革命和建设过程中,一直关注农民问题,从理论和实践的结合上深化了对中国农民问题的认识和了解,形成了自己独特的农民观。今天,重新梳理毛泽东农民观的诸多方面,发现它对解决困境中的“三农”问题,仍有非常重要的现实意义。毛泽东农民观是在中国革命和社会主义建设的实践中逐步形成的,深受马克思主义经典作家的农民观、中国传统的民本思想和重农思想、近代革命者的农民观以及西方空想社会主义者的农民观的影响,最终形成了具有中国特色的农民观。毛泽东农民观的内容十分丰富。毛泽东解放农民的实践活动,规模空前。本文主要从四个方面对毛泽东农民观的内容加以阐述：在革命战争时期,毛泽东赋予农民革命的主力军的地位,在社会主义建设中,又赋予农民国家主人翁的地位,使中国农民的主体地位得到前所未有的提高；毛泽东非常注重保护农民的经济利益,通过土地改革满足农民的土地要求,通过发展农业生产力,提高农民的生活水平,又通过一些惠农的政策,缩小城乡居民的生活差距；毛泽东成功地组织农民,完成新民主主义革命的任务和进行社会主义的建设；毛泽东在教育农民方面,不仅教育方法多种多样,而且教育内容也极其丰富。在加速现代化建设的今天,进一步深入研究毛泽东农民观,意在从中启发解决“三农”问题的思路和方法,主要从四个方面阐述了毛泽东农民观的现实意义：1、要真正重视农民问题,切实发挥农民的主体作用；2、“三农”问题的决策必须代表广大农民的根本利益和要求；3、积极引导和组织农民,走集约化科学发展之路,是解决三农问题的最佳路径；4、发展农村教育,培育新型农民,是解决“三农”问题的出路。
[Abstract]:China is a big agricultural country, known as "China's problem is the peasant problem." After more than 30 years of reform and development, China's agriculture and rural economy have made great achievements. In the process of accelerating the modernization of China, there have also been many uncoordinated phenomena in the social and economic development of China's rural areas. The problem of farmers has surfaced in the way of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", which has become an obstacle to building a well-off society in an all-round way in China. In the process of leading the Chinese revolution and construction, Mao Zedong has always paid attention to the problem of farmers, deepened his understanding and understanding of the problems of Chinese peasants from the combination of theory and practice, and formed his own unique view of farmers. Today, it is still of great practical significance to re-sort out many aspects of Mao Zedong's view of farmers and find that it is still of great practical significance to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers in the predicament. Mao Zedong's view of farmers was gradually formed in the practice of Chinese revolution and socialist construction, deeply influenced by the peasant view of Marxist classical writers, the traditional Chinese people-oriented thought and the thought of emphasizing agriculture, the peasant view of modern revolutionaries and the peasant view of western utopian socialists, and finally formed the peasant view with Chinese characteristics. Mao Zedong's view of farmers is very rich in content. Mao Zedong's practical activities of liberating peasants are unprecedented in scale. This paper mainly expounds the contents of Mao Zedong's view of farmers from four aspects: during the revolutionary war, Mao Zedong endowed the main force of the peasant revolution with the status of the main force of the peasant revolution, and in the socialist construction, it also gave the peasant the status of the master of the country, so that the subject status of the Chinese peasants was improved as never before; Mao Zedong paid great attention to protecting the economic interests of farmers, met the land requirements of farmers through land reform, improved the living standards of farmers through the development of agricultural productive forces, and narrowed the living gap between urban and rural residents through some policies benefiting farmers. Mao Zedong successfully organized farmers to complete the task of the new democratic revolution and carry out socialist construction. In the aspect of educating farmers, Mao Zedong not only has a variety of educational methods, but also has rich educational contents. In order to enlighten the train of thought and method to solve the problems of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", this paper mainly expounds the practical significance of Mao Zedong's view of farmers from four aspects: (1) in order to really attach importance to the problem of farmers and give full play to the main role of farmers; (2) the decision of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" must represent the fundamental interests and requirements of the broad masses of farmers; 3. Actively guiding and organizing farmers and taking the road of intensive scientific development is the best way to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers. 4. the development of rural education and the cultivation of new farmers are the way to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：A841;C912.82

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