我国农地资源保护机制的实证研究

发布时间：2018-12-30 20:00

【摘要】：农地资源是农业生产所需要的最基本的要素,为人类的生存和发展提供必需的食物及其他生产资料,是不可替代、不可再生的自然资源。同时,农地资源还具有保护环境、净化空气等生态功能,以及保障国家粮食安全、提供就业、保障农民生活等社会功能。农地资源的减少必然使得其附属的经济功能、生态功能、社会功能等价值的减少。世界各国在经济发展进程中,都采取相应措施保护优质农地资源,将农地资源保护当作关乎经济发展、社会稳定、生态平衡的重要问题。农地资源保护问题,是一个土地资源的高效利用和合理配置的问题,本质是如何使得土地资源能够可持续利用,提高农地资源经营收益,缩小农业与其他产业收益差距。研究农地资源保护机制的效率,对于发现农地资源保护和利用过程存在的问题具有重要意义。我国处于经济转型和城镇化快速增长的阶段,我国农地资源非农化趋势明显,农地资源保护面临巨大的压力,保护农地资源需要我们必须长期重视并坚持。本文首先研究了国内外学者在农地资源保护机制方面的研究进展情况和我国农地资源保护的现状,发现我国理论研究的不足和实践方面存在的保护力度不够、政策落实不到位,造成了农地资源破坏、土地污染和土地浪费等问题。其次,在分析农地资源保护机制实证研究常用方法,包括柯布-道格拉斯(C-D)生产函数法、条件价值评估法(CVM)、压力-状态-响应(PSR)框架和数据包络分析法(DEA)的基础上,本文选择基于可持续发展的压力-状态-响应框架思想选择指标体系,综合研究对象的特点和各个方法的适用情况,考虑到数据包络分析法具有弱化主观影响、简化数据处理流程等优点,本文选择数据包络分析模型作为本文的实证研究模型,具体采用基于产出导向下规模报酬可变的BCC模型方法。本文采取全国25个省份的指标数据作为截面样本数据和采用1993-2012年全国数据作为时间序列数据,分析不同省份和不同时间的农地资源保护机制的效率,结合Spearman相关性分析,揭示了农地资源保护与市场经济发展之间存在正相关关系:市场经济越发达,农地资源保护机制效率越高,市场机制有利于保护农地资源。最后,提出了农地资源保护机制改善的建议:树立农地资源保护公平与效益统一的综合目标;建立农地资源保护的市场机制,使市场在土地资源配置中发挥基础性作用;完善农地资源保护的宏观调控制度,规范政府征地行为;发展现代农业,适度规模经营;加强农村社会保障建设。
[Abstract]:Agricultural land resources are the most basic elements of agricultural production. It is an irreplaceable and non-renewable natural resource to provide necessary food and other means of production for the survival and development of human beings. At the same time, the farmland resources also have the ecological functions of protecting the environment, purifying the air, ensuring the national food security, providing employment, guaranteeing the peasants' life and other social functions. The decrease of farmland resources will inevitably reduce the value of its subsidiary economic function, ecological function and social function. In the process of economic development, countries all over the world have taken corresponding measures to protect high-quality agricultural land resources. The protection of agricultural land resources is regarded as an important issue related to economic development, social stability and ecological balance. The protection of agricultural land resources is a problem of efficient utilization and rational allocation of land resources. The essence of this problem is how to make the land resources can be used sustainably, how to improve the income of agricultural land resources management, and how to narrow the gap between agriculture and other industries. It is of great significance to study the efficiency of the protection mechanism of agricultural land resources for discovering the problems existing in the process of protection and utilization of agricultural land resources. China is in the stage of rapid economic transformation and urbanization. The trend of non-agricultural land resources in China is obvious. The protection of agricultural land resources is under great pressure. We must pay attention to and insist on the protection of agricultural land resources for a long time. Firstly, this paper studies the research progress of domestic and foreign scholars in the protection mechanism of farmland resources and the present situation of farmland resources protection in China. It is found that the theoretical research and the protection in practice are not enough, and the policy implementation is not in place. Has caused the farmland resources destruction, the land pollution and the land waste and so on question. Secondly, in the analysis of farmland resources protection mechanism of empirical research common methods, including Cobb-Douglas (C-D) production function method, conditional value evaluation method (CVM), On the basis of pressure-state-response (PSR) framework and data envelopment analysis method (DEA), this paper chooses the index system of pressure-state-response framework based on sustainable development. Considering the advantages of data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in weakening the subjective influence and simplifying the data processing process, this paper chooses the data Envelopment Analysis Model as the empirical research model. The method of BCC model based on output-oriented variable scale reward is adopted. This paper takes the index data of 25 provinces as cross section sample data and the national data from 1993 to 2012 as time series data to analyze the efficiency of farmland resources protection mechanism in different provinces and different times, combined with Spearman correlation analysis. It is revealed that there is a positive correlation between the protection of agricultural land resources and the development of market economy: the more developed the market economy, the higher the efficiency of the protection mechanism of agricultural land resources, and the market mechanism is conducive to the protection of agricultural land resources. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions for improving the protection mechanism of agricultural land resources: setting up a comprehensive goal of the unity of equity and benefit in the protection of agricultural land resources, establishing a market mechanism for the protection of agricultural land resources, and making the market play a fundamental role in the allocation of land resources. We will improve the macro-control system for the protection of agricultural land resources, standardize government land expropriation, develop modern agriculture and manage on a moderate scale, and strengthen the construction of social security in rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2

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