中国利益分享关系演变与发展研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 01:01

本文关键词： 利益分享公正马克思主义政府责任　出处：《吉林大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：利益关系是人类社会最基本的关系之一，是联系人类活动的纽带。人们对利益关系的认识，直接反映了一个社会的文明程度。在不同的国家，由于制度、国情、文化等的不同，具有不同的利益分配关系。关于利益关系和利益分配问题的探讨充斥于整个人类思想史，古往今来很多伟大的思想家都对利益关系问题做了深入探讨。中国古代思想中的“义利之辨”、“均贫富”，西方传统思想中的“正义”思想，近代思想中的“财产权”，以及当代西方学术界的各种分配问题的争论，都深刻表明了利益关系对于人类文明的重要性。马克思主义的诞生对人类利益关系的认识揭开了重要的一页，深刻指出了利益之于社会存在的意义，以及人类应该追求什么样的利益关系。中国共产党人把马克思主义利益分配的基本原理与中国革命、建设、改革结合起来，探索符合中国国情的利益分配关系，形成了一脉相承又与时俱进的利益分配思想。关于利益的概念、特征、分类等，学术界具有极为复杂的认识。探讨利益分享问题，首先就要对利益内涵进行必要的梳理。理解利益分享，首先需要明确利益的主客体关系，以及其时空性。利益分享的实现，需要具有比较成熟的利益表达机制、利益分配机制、利益补偿机制。我们观察一个社会利益分享的实现程度，应该看其社会基本结构是否开放、政府权力的公共性、社会保障机制是否健全等诸多方面。在梳理了利益分享的学术史和利益分享的理论内涵后，本文开始切入对中国问题的探讨。中国是社会主义国家，在利益分配的原则上遵循社会主义的基本要求。中国共产党成立以来，，始终把实现人民群众的根本利益作为自身奋斗的目标。中国共产党建立以后，根据马克思主义的基本原则，对利益关系问题做了初步的探索。在新民主主义革命时期，中国共产党人把马克思主义关于利益分配的思想与中国革命的现实需要结合起来，通过土地革命、减租减息等措施，为中国革命积累了广泛的物质基础和革命动力。新中国成立以后，中国共产党人推动三大改造、人民公社化等运动，期间积累了许多经验，但也走了不少弯路。改革开放后，几代中共领导人不断深刻认识马克思主义的利益分配观，使中国社会的利益关系发生了深刻变化。改革开放以来中国社会整体基本受益，人民群众的生活水平获得了很大的提高。然而，改革过程中的一些矛盾依然存在，贫富差距、腐败、寻租等问题成为中国当前利益关系不和谐的主要因素。而且，随着改革的深入，利益主体的多元化、利益需求层次的提高、利益渠道的分散化、利益对象的丰富化都对当前中国社会的利益关系提出了新的课题。一些影响利益分享的理念、机制性因素依然存在。随着“先富”目标的基本完成，国家需要用更大的精力来推动利益的和谐分享，从而逐步实现社会主义共同富裕。当前，推进利益分配改革非常紧迫，中国的利益分享，只能以马克思主义为指导，结合时代发展的新特征，逐步加以实现。本文认为，中国的利益分享建设应该遵循几个基本原则。首先，社会公正是利益分享的首要原则。中国的公正观只能是马克思主义的公正观，利益分享必须以马克思主义公正观加以指导。当前，最紧迫的事情就是正确认识和提炼对马克思主义公正观的理论认识。其次，利益分享必须依靠制度化加以不断推进，只有通过制度化建设，才能使利益分享关系稳定化、完善化。最后，利益分享必须是有尊严的分享，而不是简单地给予，这是中国利益分享建设的伦理依据。在探讨了利益分享的原则规定后，本文最后一章探讨了中国利益分享建设的实现路径。首先，需要确立科学的利益分享理念。需要对利益分享的内涵加以科学的认识，明确利益分享的长期性与当前问题之间的关系，注意经济发展与分配之间的关系，注意利益分享的层次性，注意利益分享的实现不仅仅是政府的责任，不仅仅是收入关系的简单调整。其次，通过完善和健全利益分享的各种机制，形成利益分享的社会氛围。最后，通过责任政府的建设，不断提升公共服务的水平。
[Abstract]:Interest relationship is one of the most basic relationships in human society, and a link between human activities. People's understanding of interest relations directly reflects the degree of civilization of a society. In different countries, because of different systems, national conditions, culture and so on, there are different interests distribution relations.
Study on interest relations and interest allocation problem permeates the whole history of human thought, from ancient to modern times many great thinkers of the relationship of interests is discussed. China ancient thought of "justice", "the rich and the poor, the traditional Western ideas of" righteousness "thought, modern ideology of" property right ", and the contemporary western academic circles of various allocation debate profoundly indicates the interests of importance for human civilization. The birth of Marx's understanding of human relations has opened an important page, pointed out the benefits to society and the meaning of existence, human beings should pursue what interests China. The Communist Party of the basic principle of the Marx doctrine of interest distribution and Chinese revolution, construction, reform together, explore the distribution of benefits in line with national conditions China relations form The thought of distribution of interests and the distribution of interests with the times.
About the interests of the concept, classification, characteristics, academic circles has a very complicated understanding. To explore the issue of benefit sharing, we must first carry out necessary carding the connotation of interests. Understand the shared interests between subject and object to clear the interests first, and its time and space. The realization of shared interests, need to have a relatively mature expression mechanism interest, interest distribution mechanism, the benefit compensation mechanism. We observe the degree of realization of a social benefit sharing, should see whether the basic structure of the open society, the public power of the government, whether the social security mechanism perfect and so on many aspects.
In combing the theoretical connotation of academic history and interests share share, this paper begins on China problem. Chinese is a socialist country, follow the basic requirement of socialism in the allocation of benefits. Chinese since the founding of the Communist Party, has always been to realize the fundamental interests of the masses of the people as its goal. The Communist Party of China after the establishment, according to the basic principle of the Marx doctrine, made a preliminary exploration on the relationship of interests. In the period of new democratic revolution, the Communist Party of Chinese need thought Marx doctrine on the distribution of benefits and China revolutionary reality together, through the land revolution, the reduction of rent and interest and other measures, the accumulation of material foundation and motive force of the revolution widely for the Chinese revolution. After new Chinese was established, China Communist Party to promote the three major transformation, the people's commune movement, accumulated a Xu Much experience, but also quite a few detours. After the reform and opening up, the distribution of benefits of several generations of Chinese leaders have a profound understanding of Marx's view, the China social interest relations have undergone profound changes since the reform and opening up. Chinese society overall benefit, people's living standard has been greatly improved. However, there are still. Some of the contradictions in the process of reform of the wealth gap, corruption, rent-seeking and other problems become the main factors Chinese current interests relations not harmonious. Moreover, with the deepening of reform, the diversification of interests, interests and needs level increases, the benefits of diversification of channels, rich interest objects are on the current China social interest is proposed new topic. Some influence of benefit sharing concept, mechanism factors still exist. With the "basically completed first" goal, countries need to use more energy to push The harmonious sharing of dynamic interests will gradually realize the common prosperity of socialism.
At present, the distribution of benefits is very urgent to promote the reform, China benefit sharing, only to the Marx doctrine as a guide, combined with the new characteristics of the development of the times, gradually be realized. This paper argues that Chinese benefit sharing construction should follow several basic principles. First, social justice is the primary principle of benefit sharing. Chinese justice is only Marx view of justice, benefit sharing must take Marx's view of justice guidance. At present, the most urgent thing is to correctly understand and refine the understanding of Marx's concept of justice theory. Secondly, the benefit sharing system must rely on to continue to advance, only through system construction, in order to make the benefit sharing relationship is stable, perfect at last, benefit sharing must be shared with dignity, rather than simply giving, this is the ethical basis for China benefit sharing construction.
After discussing the principle of benefit sharing, the last chapter of this paper discusses China sharing interests path construction. First of all, needs to establish the scientific benefit sharing concept. Understanding the connotation of the benefit sharing of scientific, clear the relationship between long-term benefit sharing and the current problems, pay attention to the relationship between economic development and the distribution of attention, level of benefit sharing, pay attention to benefit sharing not only is the government's responsibility is not only a simple adjustment of the relationship between the income. Secondly, through a variety of mechanisms to improve and perfect the benefit sharing, benefit sharing to form social atmosphere. Finally, through the construction of a responsible government, and constantly improve the level of public services.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C914

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