社会排斥对农民工子女成长影响的实证研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 03:02

本文关键词： 农民工子女社会排斥打工子弟学校歧视和偏见　出处：《首都经济贸易大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,由于新一代农民工进程方式的改变,令城市中的农民工子女群体越来越大,因为他们的身份,在城市中受到了各种各样的社会排斥,但农民工子女内也存在着不同层次,所受排斥程度及农民工子女的感知与其所在层次有很强的相关性。社会排斥的表现有经济排斥、制度排斥和文化排斥。经济排斥是隐性的排斥,作为基础影响农民工子女生活的方方面面。制度排斥主要体现在城乡二元户籍制度带来的问题上。一方面在于因为户口无法进入公立学校就读,或者是有很高的成绩要求,或者是收取高昂的借读费,背后都是因为户口问题。另一方面打工子弟学校得不到财政支持,办学水平远远不及公立学校,且时常遭到取缔。农民工子女所能感受到的社会排斥来自于制度排斥和文化排斥两方面。在制度排斥上,当他们面临入学、升学的问题时,都会清楚的意识到自己是外地人,会产生不公平的感受。在文化排斥上,一方面来源于城市人有意无意的疏离态度,另一方面更为明显的是感受到的来自城市人的歧视和偏见,口音及外显的农村人特质是首要原因。在公立学校的学生比在打工子弟学校的学生感受到的歧视和偏见要少,这是因为在公立学校就读或住在普通居民区的农民工子女与城里人接触更多,随着在城市居住时间的增长,其农村人的外显特征会减弱。另一方面他们的家庭环境也允许他们补课,学习成绩更接近城里孩子,这也客观上缩小了他们的差距。社会排斥对农民工子女的影响体现在边缘化和对其心理的影响上。打工弟子学校比公立学校的农民工子女的边缘化成都要更深。在心理层面上,社会排斥会加强他们的自我标签,令他们变得害羞、敏感、胆怯,缺乏对城市的归属感、探索欲望和社会身份认同感,这反过来加剧了他们对社会排斥和歧视的感知。农民工子女对社会排斥的应对与其适应表现有很强的正相关性。应对策略按积极和消极大致上可分为寻求社会支持和回避两种。采取积极的应对策略的农民工子女的成绩相对更好,适应状况也更好,具有更良好的社会身份认同感,反之亦然,至于何者为因何者为果尚不清楚,或许是互为因果,互相加强。社会工作介入应考虑不同层次农民工子女的不同特点,有针对性的进行介入。在文章的最后提出了具体的介入方法。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to the change of the new generation of migrant workers process, the children of migrant workers in the city have become more and more large, because of their identity, in the city has been subjected to a variety of social exclusion. However, there are also different levels in the children of migrant workers, and the degree of exclusion and the perception of the children of migrant workers have a strong correlation with their level. The manifestations of social exclusion are economic exclusion, institutional exclusion and cultural exclusion. Economic exclusion is implicit exclusion. As the basis of affecting the children of migrant workers in all aspects of life. System exclusion mainly reflected in the urban-rural dual household registration system brought problems. On the one hand, because hukou can not enter public schools. Either there is a very high achievement requirement or a high fee for borrowing is behind the hukou problem. On the other hand, the schools of working children do not get financial support, and the level of running a school is far lower than that of a public school. And often banned. Migrant workers' children can feel the social exclusion from the system exclusion and cultural exclusion. In the system exclusion, when they are faced with the problem of admission to school, they will clearly realize that they are outsiders. In terms of cultural exclusion, on the one hand, it comes from the intentional or unintentional alienation of the city people, on the other hand, it is more obvious that the discrimination and prejudice from the city people are felt. Accents and explicit rural traits are the primary cause. Students in public schools experience less discrimination and prejudice than those in working children's schools. This is because the children of migrant workers who study in public schools or live in ordinary neighbourhoods have more contact with city dwellers, as they spend more time in cities. On the other hand, their family environment also allows them to make up classes, and their grades are closer to those of urban children, which objectively narrows the gap between them. The influence of social exclusion on the children of migrant workers is reflected in the marginalization and psychological impact. The school of working students is more marginalized than the children of migrant workers in public schools. Social exclusion reinforces their self-labelling, making them shy, sensitive, timid, lacking a sense of belonging to the city, exploring desire and social identity. This in turn increases their perception of social exclusion and discrimination. The coping strategies of the children of migrant workers to social exclusion have strong positive correlation with their adaptation. According to positive and negative coping strategies, they can be divided into two types: seeking social support and avoiding. The peasant workers who adopt positive coping strategies can be divided into two types: seeking social support and avoiding. Children perform relatively well. Adaptation is also better, with a better sense of social identity, and vice versa. It is not clear what is the cause or effect, perhaps it is mutually causal and mutually reinforcing. Social work intervention should take into account the different characteristics of the children of different levels of migrant workers, targeted intervention, in the end of the article put forward the specific intervention methods.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C913.5

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