社会性别视角下的农村留守妇女生存状况研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 07:33

本文关键词： 农村留守妇女社会性别妇女发展社会性别主流化　出处：《暨南大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着工业化与城市化进程的逐步加快和户籍制度的松动,大量的农村劳动力从农业中分离出来,持续涌向城市。在农村劳动力转移过程中出现了一定的性别规律,男性流动多于女性,女性的婚前流动多于婚后,因而在农村劳动力尤其是男性劳动力大量外出的农村产生了“留守妇女”这一特殊群体,她们承担了几乎全部的家务劳动和农业生产劳动,还有教育子女、照料老人的责任,承受着与丈夫长年两地分居的孤寂,多重角色的扮演加重了留守妇女的生活和心理负担,而她们在个人发展方面的空间却依然狭小。在漫长的经济社会发展过程中,社会文化给予了男性、女性不同的角色期待。受这种性别观念对男女在劳动分工和受教育机会等方面的不同影响,加之城乡二元体制下户籍制度以及劳动力市场对农村居民尤其是妇女在分享社会发展成果的限制,都导致了留守妇女艰难的生存状况。但从另一方面来说,留守状况也给妇女自身发展带来了机遇,比如提高自己在家庭中的地位、获得更多的参与社会活动的机会、有更多的学习培训机会等等。社会性别理论的最终目的是要实现男女的平等发展,从而推动社会的公平公正,社会性别主流化即将社会性别意识纳入社会发展和决策的主流化,通过各类社会制度、社会政策、社会组织的努力来实现男女平等这一目标。本文通过现有文献数据说明农村留守妇女在农业生产家庭生活中面临的各种困难,运用社会性别理论分析造成农村留守妇女承受诸多压力的历史文化原因、社会制度因素以及自身在接受教育方面所受到的限制,并以新农村建设及和谐社会建设为契机,结合农村留守妇女面临的发展机遇,运用社会性别主流化的观点探讨公共政策改善这一群体生存状况的必要性,提出相应的对策建议。
[Abstract]:With the gradual acceleration of industrialization and urbanization and the loosening of the household registration system, a large number of rural labor force is separated from agriculture. In the process of rural labor force transfer, there is a certain gender law, male mobility is more than female, female premarital mobility is more than after marriage. Thus, in the rural areas where the rural labor force, especially the male labor force, goes out in large numbers, there is a special group of "left-behind women", who undertake almost all the domestic work and agricultural production work, as well as the education of their children. The responsibility of caring for the elderly bears the loneliness of living apart from her husband for many years. The role of multiple roles increases the living and psychological burden of the women left behind, but their space for personal development is still narrow. In the long process of economic and social development, social culture gives men and women different roles to look forward to. In addition, the household registration system under the urban-rural dual system and the labor market restrictions on rural residents, especially women in sharing the fruits of social development, have led to the difficult living conditions of left-behind women, but on the other hand. Left-behind status also brings opportunities for women to develop themselves, such as improving their status in the family and gaining more opportunities to participate in social activities. The ultimate goal of gender theory is to achieve the equal development of men and women, thereby promoting social equity and justice. Gender mainstreaming is the mainstreaming of gender awareness into social development and decision-making, through various social systems, social policies. Social organizations work to achieve the goal of equality between men and women. This paper through the existing literature and data to illustrate the rural women left behind in the agricultural production of family life facing various difficulties. Using the theory of gender to analyze the historical and cultural reasons, social system factors and their own limitations in access to education, which caused the rural women left behind to bear a lot of pressure. And take the new countryside construction and the harmonious society construction as the opportunity, unifies the rural women who stay behind the development opportunity, uses the social gender mainstreaming viewpoint to discuss the public policy to improve this group survival condition necessity. The corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.68

【引证文献】