近代学术分科观念的变迁与“文学”学科的建立

发布时间：2018-02-09 19:39

本文关键词： 学术分科文学文科京师大学堂《大学规程》　出处：《湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：19世纪末,随着西学东渐的进一步拓展,中国传统学术分科观念逐渐分化,西方学科观念开始成为知识界对学术进行分类的基本准则。近代以降中国知识分类体系中"文学"概念的变迁经历了三个阶段:西方近代意义的"文学"分科,较早出现在晚清开明士人对西方学术文化体系的介绍当中,黄遵宪、郑观应、康有为、宋恕、王韬等人均有相关论述。然而其时输入的西学以器物、技术及政制为主,"文学"并不受人重视;"文学"作为近代中国学术分科的一支,首先出现在京师大学堂。《奏定学堂章程》尽管将"经学"与"文学"并立,但其七科分学的理念,反映出"文学"作为独立分科已基本形成;民国成立以后,教育体系和学术体系发生重大变化,随着文学课程的设置、文学史教材的编写等,"文学"在近代学术体系中的独立地位最终得以确立。
[Abstract]:At the end of 19th century, with the further development of western learning to the east, the traditional Chinese academic division concept was gradually divided. The concept of western discipline began to become the basic criterion of academic classification in the intellectual world. In modern times, the concept of "literature" in the classification system of Chinese knowledge has undergone three stages: the division of "literature" in the modern meaning of the West, It appeared earlier in the introduction of the western academic and cultural system by the enlightened scholars in the late Qing Dynasty. Huang Zunxian, Zheng Guanying, Kang Youwei, Song Shu, Wang Tao and others had related expositions. As a branch of the academic branch of modern China, "literature" first appeared in the Beijing Institute of higher Learning. Although "Classics" and "Literature" stood side by side with "Literature", However, the concept of "literature" as an independent subject has basically formed. After the founding of the Republic of China, the educational system and academic system changed greatly, and with the establishment of literature curriculum, The independent position of literature in the modern academic system was finally established with the compilation of literary history textbooks.
【作者单位】：武汉大学中国传统文化研究中心;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关资助项目:07JZD0040
【分类号】：C092

【共引文献】