埃文思—普里查德《阿赞德人的巫术、神谕和魔法》研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 15:34

本文关键词： 埃文思-普里查德巫术神谕魔法　出处：《中央民族大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：埃文思-普里查德(Sir Edward Evans-Pritchard)是英国社会人类学家,因其卓越的田野和理论研究在人类学史上享有盛名。本文的主题是通过解读埃文思-普里查德出版于1937年的民族志著作《阿赞德人的巫术、神谕和魔法》(Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande),以期发现埃文思-普里查德如何通过民族志的书写来表达他在学理上的关注,以及对这些问题在今天进行重新思考的意义。本文先介绍了论文写作的三个问题,即选题、缘由和方法；接下来简略综述了前人对埃文思-普里查德的研究,其中包括西方和国内两个部分；第三部分是对埃文思-普里查德生平和学术经历的简单介绍；第四部分进入主题,即对《阿赞德人的巫术、神谕和魔法》的文本解读；最后一部分即为结论——对埃文思-普里查德其人和《阿赞德人的巫术、神谕和魔法》的理解,同时,回顾导论中提出的三个问题。在对文本解析和总结前人研究的同时,本文认为,《阿赞德人的巫术、神谕和魔法》一书是埃文思-普里查德对功能主义不满的初步表达,尽管这本书本身是以功能主义为框架所建构的。埃文思-普里查德所处的时代,来自现象学的思考冲击了功能主义所谓的客观科学性,当时对功能主义的革新之一是越来越关注个人能动性和社会结构之间的辩证关系。《阿赞德人的巫术、神谕和魔法》一书彰显了埃文思-普里查德对这样一个思考的表达,他引领的阐释主义和对文化意义的探寻在书里随处可见。阿赞德人在一个先验的巫术信仰中从事各种经验行为,从来没有人质疑信仰的正当性；然而阿赞德人又是狡猾的,他们会根据自己生活的需要来调整对信条的遵从,同时为各种漏洞找各种借口。在巫术的信仰现象中,埃文思-普里查德没有忘记提及信仰的社会因素,比如性别和社会等级,尽管点到之处只有寥寥数笔。埃文思-普里查德通过对巫术信仰这样一个专门集中的论题书写,展现了他对人类学人文学科的定位,同时也表达了他的宗教研究有一种关注地方性知识的自觉性,这开启了解释人类学的范式。这样一本大部头的民族志,就内容本身和理论指涉,都超越了很多之前和之后的作品。但是如同埃文思-普里查德的老师所言,书中对阿赞德人的宗教信仰没有哪怕零星的交待,这是一个缺憾。宗教和巫术的亲密关系,使得这样的缺憾使我们对赞德巫术的把握停留在了赞德理性的层面,这也是本文对《阿赞德人的巫术、神谕和魔法》一书的唯一苛责之处,同时对今天从事宗教研究的人类学者亦是一种警醒。
[Abstract]:Edward Evans-Pritchard is a British social anthropologist. The subject of this article is the interpretation of Evans-Pritchard 's ethnographic work "Azzander's witchcraft", published in 1937, because of his remarkable field and theoretical research in the history of anthropology. Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azandean, hoping to find out how Evans Pritchard expresses his scholarly concern through ethnographic writing. And the significance of rethinking these problems today. This paper first introduces the three problems of the thesis writing, namely, the topic, the reason and the method, and then briefly summarizes the previous studies of Evan Pritchard. The third part is a brief introduction of Evans-Pritchard 's life and academic experience, the 4th part goes into the theme, namely, the interpretation of the text of "Azzander's witchcraft, oracle and magic"; The last part is the conclusion-the understanding of the witchcraft, oracle and magic of Evan Pritchard and the Azzanderians. At the same time, three questions raised in the introduction are reviewed. While analyzing the text and summing up the previous studies, this paper holds that the book "Azander's witchcraft, oracle and magic" is a preliminary expression of Evan Pritchard's dissatisfaction with functionalism. Although the book itself was constructed within the framework of functionalism, Evans-Pritchard lived in an era in which phenomenological thinking challenged the so-called objective science of functionalism. One of the innovations in functionalism at that time was a growing focus on the dialectical relationship between individual activism and social structures. The Azzander Witchcraft, the oracle, and Magic demonstrates Evan Pritchard's expression of such a thinking. His hermeneutics and search for cultural meaning can be found everywhere in the book. The Azzanderians engage in all kinds of experiential acts in a transcendental witchcraft faith, and no one ever questions the legitimacy of the belief; yet the Azanderites are cunning. They adjust their creed to the needs of their lives, and make excuses for loopholes. In the belief of witchcraft, Evan Pritchard does not forget to mention the social factors of faith, such as gender and social rank. Although there were only a few, Evan Pritchard showed his position in the humanities of anthropology by writing a focused thesis on the belief in witchcraft. It also expresses that his religious studies have a sense of concern for local knowledge, which opens up the paradigm of explanatory anthropology. Such a large volume of ethnography refers to the content itself and the theory. Are beyond a lot of works before and after. But as Evan Pritchard's teacher put it, it is a pity that the book does not give a piecemeal account of the religious beliefs of the Azzanders.Religion and witchcraft are intimate. That makes our grasp of Zander's witchcraft stay at the level of Zander's rationality, and this is the only criticism of the Azzander's witchcraft, oracle, and magic. At the same time, the anthropologists engaged in religious studies today are also a warning.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.4

【参考文献】