我国城市流浪儿童及其个案社会工作介入研究

发布时间：2018-02-22 22:58

本文关键词： 城市流浪儿童个案社会工作社会救助　出处：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来城市流浪儿童问题已经成为中国一个不可忽视的社会问题,中国要创建和谐社会、加快现代化建设,必须解决好城市流浪儿童问题。城市流浪儿童问题的成因是多方面的,经济贫困与家庭功能失调是城市流浪儿童问题产生的主要原因。学校教育不当也是城市流浪儿童形成的重要原因,还有的是被社会上的不法分子拐骗利用而导致流浪街头,也有部分儿童是因为自身的人格发展不健全,或沉迷网络游戏不可自拔或叛逆心理严重而离家出走,最终沦为流浪儿。目前,城市流浪儿童问题越来越严重,这与我们国家的社会保障救助机制不够健全有着重要关系。国内外学者对城市流浪儿童问题的研究已取得了颇多成果,这对城市流浪儿童的救助起到了很大的推动作用。但是大多数学者都是从宏观上去进行研究,对理论的研究比较多,对于具体可操作性的研究比较少。本文通过对城市流浪儿童成因及特征进行分析,运用专业的个案社会工作方法对城市流浪儿童开展个案实务社会工作,深刻认识和把握流浪儿童的身心特征,运用专业的个案社会工作技巧为其提供服务,将“以人为本”的社会工作理念运用到个案工作中。从而希望改变传统救助模式的缺陷,更多的强调人文关怀,从案主自身的角度去认识他们的需要,从本质上把握城市流浪儿童的问题。以此从根本上解决城市流浪儿童的问题,帮助他们增强自身的能力,协助其树立正确的人生观、世界观、价值观。本文通过总结对城市流浪儿童的个案社会工作实践情况,提出了几点建议：(1)个案社会工作介入城市流浪儿童救助要以尊重为前提。城市流浪儿童是一个特殊的群体,他们比其他人更渴望尊重和理解,更害怕指责,社会工作者在开展救助工作的时候要秉承“以人为本”的理念,真诚地尊重和接纳流浪儿童。(2)个案社会工作的开展要注意城市流浪儿童心理的特殊性。城市流浪儿童是一个特殊的群体,他们大多处于生理和心理发展的关键时期,心理发展不健全,再加上流浪的经历,他们的心理特征与正常孩子有区别。在介入过程中,要从城市流浪儿童的这些心理特征入手开展工作,只有这样才能够深入了解他们真实的内心,才能够使个案工作开展得更有成效。(3)要加强个案工作的后续工作。由于城市流浪儿童在救助中心待得时间短,流动性大等因素,个案工作对其介入的成效往往不是很好。要想做到“救助一个,成功一个”,必须要做好个案工作的后续工作,与案主的家庭、学校、社区等建立联系,及时了解案主的情况,对案主进行后续的跟踪服务。(4)加强社会工作者的专业素质和推进社会工作本土化进程。要更好的救助城市流浪儿童,切实发挥个案社会工作在救助中的作用,必须要有一支专业素质过硬的社工队伍,社会工作者的专业素质与能力也尤为关键。同时,还需大力宣传个案社会工作,提高人们的认知度和认可度,加快推进个案社会工作的本土化进程。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problem of city street children has become a social problem can not be ignored Chinese China, to create a harmonious society, accelerate the construction of modern city, we must solve the problem of street children. The causes of problems of city street children are in many aspects, poverty and family dysfunction is the main cause of the problem of city street children. Because of improper school education is the formation of city street children, there are criminals kidnapping on society resulted from the streets, there are some children because of their personality development is not perfect, or addicted to online games can not extricate themselves or serious psychological rebellion and run away, eventually becoming homeless children. At present, the problem city street children are becoming more and more serious, this and our country's social security relief mechanism is not perfect. The important relationship between domestic and foreign scholars on the city street Study on children's problem has made quite a lot of achievements, which to a great role in promoting the city street children assistance. But most scholars have conducted the research from the macro view, compared to the theoretical research, research on the specific operational less. Based on the causes and characteristics of city street children and the use of professional social work method to carry out the practice of social work for the case of city street children, physical and mental characteristics of deep understanding and grasp of the street children, the use of professional social work skills to provide services, the use of "people-oriented" concept of social work to the case work. Thus to change the shortcomings of the traditional rescue mode, more the emphasis on humanistic care, from the case itself perspective to understand their needs, grasp the city street children in nature. In order to solve the fundamental The problem of urban stray children will help them enhance their ability to help them set up a correct outlook on life, world outlook, and values.
This paper summarizes the case of city street children's social work practice, and puts forward some suggestions: (1) the case of social work intervention to rescue city street children to respect for the premise. City street children are a special group, they are eager to respect and understand more than others, more afraid of criticism, social workers in the when to carry out rescue work to uphold the "people-oriented" concept, sincerely respect and acceptance of street children. (2) social work should pay attention to the special psychological city street children. City street children are a special group of people, most of them are in a critical period of physical and psychological development, psychological development is not perfect plus, the wandering experience, their psychological features are different from normal children. During the procedure, from the city to the street children the psychological features of the work, only Only in this way can understand their true heart, to be able to make the case to carry out the work more productively. (3) tosvengthenthethefollow upofthecasework. Because the city street children in the rescue center for a short time, mobility and other factors, case work for their intervention results are often not very good. If you want to do "a successful rescue, a" follow-up work must do the case work, school and family, the main case, contact the community construction, timely understanding of client, client follow-up tracking service. (4) to strengthen the social workers professional quality and social work to promote the localization process. To better help the City street children, and play a role in the rescue in case of social work, there must be a professional social work team, the quality and ability of professional social workers are particularly critical. At the same time, also need to We should energetically publicize the social work of the case, improve the awareness and recognition of the people, and accelerate the process of the localization of the case social work.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：C913.5;C916

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