吉林省老龄人口精神赡养研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 19:19

本文关键词： 精神赡养老龄人口影响因素　出处：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：养老保障是社会保障的核心,是关乎老龄人口能否获得晚年幸福的大计,是千千万万个家庭和谐美满的必要条件。随着中国老龄化程度的加深,老龄化速度的加快,加之未富先老的影响,中国的老龄问题面临着诸多的考验。实际上,在老龄化这一问题上,吉林省之于中国正如中国之于世界,中国面临着未富先老和老龄化程度深的挑战,而吉林省也同样,经济不发达而老龄化程度却在加深。在这样的背景下,关注养老保障,关注老龄人口的养老问题便成为社会各界以及学者的关注之题。从根本上讲,做好老龄工作可以从两个方面做起:一方面是从物质上满足老年人的基本生活需求,另一方面是从精神上、心理上满足老年人合理正当的精神需求。随着中国国力的增强,人民的生活水平有了普遍的大幅度改善,吉林省在全国虽然算不上富裕的省份,但本次调查显示,绝大多数老年人经济上可以独立而不再需要子女的全额供养。物质赡养方面已经达到满意的水平。现在工作的侧重点则应该转向问题逐步凸显的精神赡养方面。本次调查发现,吉林省老龄人口精神赡养状况的受关注度不足,多数老年人在出现持续性情绪低落情况下并没有选择治疗,极易影响到老年人的身心健康;家庭成员对老年人的生活照料不足,尤其对是生活不能自理或半自理的老年人,从长远的发展来看,未来老年人的子女数会更少,更容易造成老年人得到的生活照料严重不足,致使老年人得到的精神赡养供给也严重缺乏,不利于老年人的晚年生活;老龄人口社会参与度较低,只有20%的老年人参加了社区(村)里的活动;老龄人口精神赡养的法律环境缺失,法律做为外部环境本应起着保驾护航的作用,然而现实情况是相关法律缺失,无法利用强制力监督老龄工作的开展。这是由于很多因素综合作用造成的。市场经济的出现和家庭结构的变化,使得对老年人精神赡养的供给减少,然而随着老年人物质层面需求得以满足,他们开始重视自己的精神需求,供求严重不平衡,致使目前吉林省老龄人口的精神赡养问题凸显。做为老年人中一个特殊的群体——空巢老人,其精神需求在子女那里更加难以满足,所以也加剧了全省老年人精神赡养问题的严重程度。老年人精神赡养不仅关乎老年人自身的健康、幸福,它还是维系代际和谐的有效手段,更是老龄化社会发扬优良道德传统的需求。为了做好老年人的精神赡养工作,必须要探寻出其影响因素。本文通过对中法合作社会保障项目调查数据的统计分析,得出以下结论:经济支持无法提高老年人的精神赡养质量,生活照料也只起到微小的作用,情感支持和社会参与度才是影响老年人精神赡养质量的重要因素,其中子女与老年人的联系频率、婚姻状况都对精神赡养质量起着正向的作用。社会经济地位对于老年人精神赡养质量的作用比较复杂,具体来说,教育程度和经济状况并无太大的作用,而职业地位则对其有着一定影响,稳定性较高的工作给老年人的精神赡养质量更高一些。在对新加坡、日本、韩国关于老年人精神赡养质量的规定及做法的借鉴基础上,本文提出了几点完善老龄人口精神赡养的对策与建议。以完善相关法律法规为前提,以增强老年人自身的精神赡养意识及能力为根本,提高其社会参与度,在最大限度发挥家庭精神赡养作用的基础上,适当发展社区养老,五个方面共同发挥作用,提高老龄人口的精神赡养质量。
[Abstract]:The old-age security is the core of social security, is related to the aging population can be obtained for a happy old age, is a necessary condition for a harmonious and happy family of thousands on thousands of Chinese. With the deepening of aging, the aging speed, and with the not rich first old aging effect, Chinese faces many challenges. In fact, of the problem of aging in Jilin Province, to China as Chinese in the world, Chinese facing the old before getting rich and the aging degree of the deep challenge, and also in Jilin Province, economic underdevelopment and the degree of aging is in depth. In this context, pay attention to old-age security, pay attention to the pension problem the aging population has become the community and scholars pay attention to the problem. Fundamentally speaking, good aging work can start from two aspects: one is the demand from the material to meet the basic livelihood of the elderly, on the other hand It is mentally and psychologically to satisfy the rational and legitimate spiritual needs of the elderly.
With the increase of Chinese national strength and people's living standard has been greatly improved in general, Jilin Province in the country although not wealthy provinces, but the survey showed that the vast majority of the elderly, the economic independence and the children no longer need full support. The material support aspects has now achieved a satisfactory level. The focus should be to gradually highlight the spiritual support. The survey found that the aging population of Jilin province mental health condition of the degree of concern, the majority of the elderly in the persistent depressed situation and have no treatment, easy to affect the health of the elderly; family members of the elderly lack of life care, especially to life can not take care of themselves or take care of the elderly, from the long-term development perspective, the future number of children aged less, more likely to cause the elderly A serious shortage of life care, the elderly get spiritual support supply is serious lack, not conducive to the elderly population aging; social participation is low, only 20% of the elderly in the community (Village) activities in the legal environment; lack of spiritual support of the aging population, the law is done for the external environment we should play the role of escort, but the reality is the lack of relevant laws, not by compulsory supervision and aging work.
This is due to the comprehensive effect of many factors. The changes of the market economy and the structure of the family, so as to reduce the supply of mental support for the elderly, but with the material level to meet the demand of elderly people, they began to pay attention to their spiritual needs, supply and demand imbalance, resulting in the current aging population in Jilin Province, the spirit of the maintenance problems highlighted. As a special group of elderly people -- Empty Nester, more difficult to meet their spiritual needs in children there, so also increased the severity of the elderly spiritual support. The elderly spiritual support is not only related to the old people's health, happiness, it is an effective means to maintain intergenerational harmony, it is the aging society to carry forward the fine traditional moral needs. In order to make the spiritual support to the elderly, to explore its influencing factors. Based on the French Statistical analysis of social security cooperation project survey data, draw the following conclusions: economic support to improve the spiritual support to the elderly quality of life care is to only play a minor role, emotional support and social participation will influence the elderly spiritual support quality of the important factors, the contact frequency of the elderly and their children, marriage condition maintenance quality plays a positive role in social and economic status. The spirit is more complex, for the elderly spiritual support quality. Specifically, there is no education background and economic status is too large, and the occupational status has a certain impact, high stability of the work for the elderly spiritual support quality some high. In Singapore, Japan, South Korea based on provisions of the elderly spiritual support quality and practices, this paper puts forward some improvement of the aging population mental support The countermeasures and suggestions. On the premise of improving the relevant laws and regulations, to enhance the old people's spiritual support consciousness and ability as the basis, to improve the degree of social participation, play a role in the foundation of family support the spirit of the maximum, the appropriate development of community endowment, a total of five with the increase of aging population play a role in support of the spirit quality.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.6

【引证文献】