中国城镇女性劳动参与决策影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 08:48

本文关键词： 城镇女性劳动参与决策就业决策影响因素　出处：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在新中国建立之后,随着社会主义改造的完成和解放妇女思想的宣传,中国在就业、医疗等领域实现了一定程度的性别平等,因此女性劳动参与率很高。但是自改革开放后,中国步入社会主义市场经济的建设进程,原有统包统分的就业体制受到市场经济的冲击,由于女性生理特征和市场经济需求变化,中国女性劳动参与率并没有随着中国经济快速增长而增长,而是出现了走低的现象,直至2007年,女性劳动参与率下降的局面才开始出现稳定状态。随着中国人口红利的逐渐枯竭,通过措施促进更多女性劳动力进入劳动力市场,是促进经济增长的一个重要方式。鉴于这个原因,探寻女性劳动力进入劳动力市场的原因,研究影响女性劳动力参与决策的因素具有重要意义。在理论上澄清女性劳动参与决策的影响因素,在实践上,可以帮助制定出科学合理的政策,促进女性劳动力的就业,为中国经济的增长提供有益的帮助。本研究选取中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)2002年、2007年和2013年中16岁至54岁城镇经济活动女性人口作为研究样本,分析影响城镇女性劳动参与决策的因素;在此基础上,就研究样本中20-54岁城镇已婚女性,对影响其劳动参与决策的因素进一步分析。实证结果得出:年龄因素与城镇女性劳动参与决策之间存在"倒U型"关系;城镇女性受教育程度对其劳动参与决策有着积极效应,且受教育程度越高城镇女性进入劳动力市场参与工作的概率越大,但是这种积极效应正在随年减少,并且相较于未婚女性而言,受教育程度对已婚女性的积极效应较小;家中有学龄前的孩子需要照料对于城镇已婚女性劳动参与决策有着显著消极效应,但在缓慢减小;家庭总收入水平对城镇女性劳动参与决策的替代效应强于收入效应,家庭总收入水平增加,城镇女性进入劳动力市场参与工作的概率越大。根据实证研究分析,城镇女性倾向于不进入劳动力市场的原因可能有两个:一是整体就业环境不利于女性就业,城镇女性暂时退出劳动力市场以等待更好的就业机会;二是家庭责任比较重,对于幼儿教育的重视和家庭老人需要照顾,已婚城镇女性劳动力自愿退出劳动力,回归家庭。因此,本研究建议通过加强素质教育体系管理、健全女性职业培训体系、完善女性就业保障制度、促进幼儿教育行业发展和建立养老服务产业体系等方式,吸引城镇女性进入劳动力市场,促进中国经济可持续性发展。
[Abstract]:After the founding of New China, with the completion of socialist transformation and the propaganda of emancipating women's thinking, China has achieved a certain degree of gender equality in the fields of employment, medical care, etc. As a result, the female labor force participation rate is very high. However, since the reform and opening up, China has stepped into the process of building a socialist market economy, and the original employment system of turnkey distribution has been impacted by the market economy, because of the changes in the physiological characteristics of women and the needs of the market economy. The female labour force participation rate in China did not increase with the rapid growth of the Chinese economy, but declined until 2007. The decline in the female labour force participation rate is only beginning to stabilize. As China's demographic dividend dries up, measures have been taken to promote the entry of more female workers into the labour market. Is an important way to promote economic growth. For this reason, explore the reasons for women's labor force entering the labour market. It is of great significance to study the factors that affect the participation of female labor force in decision-making. In theory, clarifying the influencing factors of female labor participation in decision-making can help to formulate scientific and reasonable policies to promote the employment of female labor force in practice. This study selected the Chinese household income survey (2002, 2007 and middle of 2013) as a sample of urban economically active female population aged 16 to 54 to analyze the factors that affect women's participation in decision-making. On the basis of this, this paper further analyzes the factors influencing the labor participation of married women aged 20-54 in the study sample. The empirical results show that there is a "inverted U" relationship between age factors and urban women's labor participation in decision-making. Urban women's educational level has a positive effect on their labor participation in decision-making, and the higher the level of education, the greater the probability of urban women's participation in the labor market, but this positive effect is decreasing over the years. Compared with unmarried women, the positive effect of education level on married women is smaller, and the need for care of preschool children has significant negative effect on urban married women's labor participation in decision-making, but it is decreasing slowly. The substitution effect of total household income on urban women's participation in decision-making is stronger than that of income. The higher the level of household income, the greater the probability of urban women's participation in the labor market. There may be two reasons why urban women tend not to enter the labor market: first, the overall employment environment is not conducive to women's employment, urban women temporarily withdraw from the labor market to wait for better employment opportunities; second, the family responsibilities are heavy. The importance of early childhood education and the need to take care of the elderly family, married urban female labor force voluntarily quit the labor force, return to the family. Therefore, this study suggests that through strengthening the quality education system management, improve the female vocational training system, We should improve the employment security system for women, promote the development of early childhood education and establish an industry system for providing for the aged, so as to attract urban women into the labor market and promote the sustainable development of China's economy.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.68;F249.2

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