技术进步对社会结构的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 08:33

本文选题：技术进步　切入点：社会结构　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当今社会，科学技术高速发展，这带来了政治、经济、文化等各方面的突飞猛进，给个人乃至整个社会带来了巨大的变化。从个人角度看，不难发现，我们无一例外地都是技术产品的消费者；从国家和社会的角度来讲，作为人类认识自然和改造自然的工具和手段，科学技术为社会发展提供物质工具，深刻地影响着社会生产方式和人们生活方式的变革，推动社会政治文明的发展，推动社会制度的进步，为社会发展提供社会精神理性手段。因此，深入研究技术进步对社会结构的影响，在促进经济更加快速健康发展、和谐社会建设和国家政策制定方面将会有举足轻重的作用。本研究，运用经验研究与理论研究相结合，功能分析与比较分析相结合的方法，同时兼用文献分析方法，从技术哲学、技术社会学、社会学、经济学等多学科综合和交叉角度，以技术和社会的关系为主线，探讨了功能论视角中的技术与社会的关系、技术进步与社会分工和市场交换的关系，以此为基础，从社会结构的概念出发，在“结构是各个相互联系的要素构成，要素变化了，结构也发生变化”的思想的指导下，较为全面系统地考察技术进步对社会结构的影响。技术进步对社会产业结构的影响主要表现在，出现了以主导产业为主的一系列的产业群，产业重心由第一产业转向第二、第三产业，同时，各个产业的产业化水平和技术水平得到明显的提高；消费结构方面，表现在消费主体的扩大和多样化，消费品的极大丰富和享受型消费日益占主导地位；职业结构方面，主要劳动力由第一产业转向第二、第三产业，社会职业多样化，并且仍在不断涌现新的职业领域，职业的专业化水平提高。技术进步对社会阶层结构的影响主要表现在，技术进步促使社会朝橄榄形结构转化，中产阶层不断壮大，劳动者知识水平和专业技能逐渐提高，知识分子队伍不断壮大，阶层结构从刚性结构逐渐转向弹性结构，阶层之间的流动性增大。同时，简要分析了技术进步对社会政治结构、文化结构和社区结构的影响。在技术变得越来越重要的社会，拥有知识和技能的人，更具发言权，中国乃至世界各民族都需要不遗余力地积极提高国民教育水平，推行技术立国、科教兴国战略。这样，不仅能提高个人在社会中的威望，，获得财富和权力，更能提高整个民族和国家的经济社会发展水平，维护社会安定，提高综合国力。同时，技术社会也面临着新的挑战：其一，技术社会通过创造新的技术精英改变整个社会的阶级结构，造成基于知识和技术的社会不平等。其二，越来越多拥有知识和技术的人进入中间阶层，这种中间阶层安定起来是“稳定器”，但是它也是一颗“定时炸弹”，如果中间阶层内部发生混乱后果将不堪设想，这也给社会治理带来新的挑战。
[Abstract]:In today's society, science and technology are developing at a high speed, which has brought tremendous progress in politics, economy, culture, and so on. It has brought tremendous changes to individuals and even to the whole society. From a personal point of view, it is not difficult to find that, We are, without exception, consumers of technological products; from a national and social point of view, science and technology provide material tools for social development as tools and means for human beings to understand and transform nature. It has a profound influence on the transformation of social production mode and people's way of life, promotes the development of social political civilization, promotes the progress of social system, and provides social spiritual rational means for social development. Further study on the influence of technological progress on social structure will play an important role in promoting the rapid and healthy development of economy, building a harmonious society and making national policies. In this study, the method of combining empirical research with theoretical research, combining functional analysis with comparative analysis, and using literature analysis method, from the philosophy of technology, sociology of technology, sociology of sociology, Based on the relationship between technology and society, the relationship between technology and society, the relationship between technology and society, the relationship between technological progress and social division of labor and market exchange in the perspective of function theory, the relationship between technology and social division of labor and market exchange is discussed. Based on the concept of social structure, under the guidance of the idea that "structure is the composition of various interrelated elements, the elements have changed, the structure has also changed", the influence of technological progress on the social structure is systematically and comprehensively investigated. The impact of technological progress on the social industrial structure is mainly reflected in the emergence of a series of industrial clusters dominated by leading industries. The focus of the industry has shifted from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries, and at the same time, The industrialization level and technical level of various industries have been obviously improved; the consumption structure is manifested in the expansion and diversification of the main body of consumption, the great abundance of consumer goods and the increasingly dominant position of enjoyment consumption; the occupation structure, The main labor force has changed from the primary industry to the second, the third industry, the social and occupational diversification, and is still emerging new occupational fields, the professional specialization level has been raised. The influence of technological progress on the social stratum structure is mainly manifested in. The progress of technology promoted the social transformation to olive-shaped structure, the middle class grew stronger, the knowledge level and professional skills of workers gradually improved, the ranks of intellectuals grew, and the stratum structure gradually changed from rigid structure to elastic structure. At the same time, the influence of technological progress on social and political structure, cultural structure and community structure is briefly analyzed. In a society where technology is becoming more and more important, people with knowledge and skills will have a greater say. China and even all ethnic groups in the world need to spare no effort to actively raise the level of national education, to promote the strategy of building a country with technology and rejuvenating the country through science and education. It can not only enhance the prestige of individuals in society, acquire wealth and power, but also raise the level of economic and social development of the whole nation and country, maintain social stability and enhance the overall national strength. At the same time, the technological society is also facing new challenges: first, The technological society changes the class structure of the whole society by creating new technological elites, resulting in social inequality based on knowledge and technology. Secondly, more and more people with knowledge and technology enter the middle class. This kind of middle class stabilizes is "stabilizer", but it is also a "time bomb", if the middle class internal chaos consequence will be unthinkable, this also brings the new challenge to the social governance.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：C912

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