女性主义与女性政治参与：从社会思潮到政治实践

发布时间：2018-03-09 03:03

  本文选题：女性主义　切入点：女性政治参与　出处：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：女性主义(Feminism)又被称为女权主义,是指以结束针对女性的性别主义倾向,促进男女两性平等为目标的社会思潮和社会运动。女性主义的理论和实践自从出现以来,经历了不断的成长和演化,对现代社会的发展和人类文明的进步都产生了积极影响。女性主义的理论和实践不仅促进了女性社会地位的提高,还有力地推动了女性政治参与。女性主义理论和实践对女性政治参与的积极影响有着多方面的表现。首先,女性主义消解了女性政治参与的文化障碍;其次,女性主义唤醒并激发了女性政治参与的主体意识;再次,女性主义的开展对世界上很多国家的政府和立法机关施加了一定压力,使有利于女性政治参与的法律和制度框架得以构建;最后,女性主义的开展拓宽了女性政治参与的空间,为女性政治参与开辟了新领域。西方国家是女性主义的发源地。西方国家在以女性主义推动女性社会地位提高和改善女性政治参与方面积累了很多成功的经验。经验中的关键一点,是通过女性主义的开展,促使国家在法律和政策层面为女性政治参与提供保障,并设立有利于女性在政治领域脱颖而出的选举制度,从而提升女性的政治表现。此外,女性主义对覆盖所有女性教育权利和社会保障制度的争取,也极大地推动了女性社会地位的提高和女性政治参与的进程。尽管西方女性主义取得了种种成就,但由于女性主义的流派和立场的多样化,它们之间常常会因为观点的不统一甚至矛盾而造成力量的分化,从而削弱了其在理论和实践方面的影响力。因此,促进女性主义各派别之间的联系与对话,减少观点差别所造成的内耗,是西方女性主义开展中所得出的非常重要的教训。此外,发展中国家也有许多以女性主义带动女性政治参与的良好经验。例如,东南亚地区国家的女性解放运动,在西方女性主义以自由、平等为根本思想的基础上,在国家独立、民族解放和宗教多重因素的影响下,大力发展女性政治参与,为世界范围内女性解放运动增添了浓重的一笔。对国外女性主义开展的经验教训进行总结,可以为改善中国的女性社会地位和女性政治参与状况提供借鉴。严格意义上说,中国并没有完整的、自成体系的女性主义。中国的女性主义是在结合西方女性主义和本土国情之后形成的中国化的女性主义。更确切地说,中国的女性解放运动和女性政治参与都是在西方女性主义传入中国后,随着社会的发展一步一步推进的。中国的女性主义发展经历了较为曲折的历程。在中国封建色彩浓厚的传统文化中,女性的地位比较低下,基本权利没有得到尊重和承认。在清朝末年的维新运动中,中国的女性主义已经开始酝酿。在推翻封建专制制度的资产阶级旧民主主义革命中,女性发挥了积极的作用。中国共产党非常重视女性的作用,并鼓励女性参与到其所领导的新民主主义革命和社会主义革命之中,从而把女性解放与国家富强紧密结合起来。改革开放以来,随着中西方思想和文化交往的日益紧密,中国女性主义的发展又迎来了新的契机。今天,中国女性的社会地位和政治参与状况仍然没有达到理想的程度,为了改变这种局面,应该为女性主义的健康发展创造环境,发挥女性主义在维护女性权益和推动女性政治参与中的积极作用。全球化的不断推进和互联网的日益普及是当前女性主义开展和女性政治实践的时代背景。全球化和互联网一方面使女性主义的理论和实践出现了比以往更为复杂的形势,而另一方面也为问题的讨论和解决提供了前有未有的便利通道。积极融入全球化和互联网时代,充分利用它们所带来的便利条件,以此来推动中国的女性政治参与和女性进步事业的发展,是中国在新形势下的必然选择。
[Abstract]:Feminism (Feminism) also known as feminism, refers to the end of the Gender Tendency of women, promote gender equality as the goal of social thought and social movement. The feminist theory and practice since the emergence, growth and evolution has experienced, have a positive impact on the development of modern society and the progress of human civilization. The theory and practice of feminism has not only promoted the improvement of women's social status, and effectively promoted women's political participation. The feminist theory and practice there are many aspects of the performance of the positive impact of women's political participation. First of all, feminism deconstructs the cultural barriers of women's participation in politics; secondly, feminism awakened and inspired the main women's political participation consciousness; thirdly, feminism to carry out the government and the legislature of many countries in the world exert a certain pressure, That is conducive to the legal and institutional framework of women's political participation is constructed; finally, the development of feminism broadens women's political participation in space, has opened up a new field for women's political participation. The western countries are the birthplace of feminism. In western countries to promote feminist women's social status and improve women's political participation has accumulated a lot of successful experience. Experience in the key point, through the feminist development, prompting countries in the legal and policy level to provide protection for women's political participation, and set up to female talent shows itself in the political field of electoral system, so as to enhance the political performance of women. In addition, the feminist fight for the rights of all women covered education and social security system, but also greatly promoted the improvement of social status of women and women's political participation in the process. Despite the Western Feminism Its achievements, but because of the diversification of the feminist genre and stand between them, often because of the inconsistent and even contradictory views caused by power differentiation, thus weakening the influence in the aspects of theory and practice. Therefore, to promote the contact and dialogue between feminism factions, the internal friction caused by different view the development of western feminism is very important lesson in the developing countries. In addition, there are also many feminist drive good experience in women's political participation. For example, countries in Southeast Asia. The women's liberation movement, feminism in the west to freedom, equality and fundamental basis for thought, in the national independence, national influence the liberation and the religion of multiple factors, vigorously develop the women's political participation, for the world women's Liberation Movement added a heavy sum of foreign women. To carry out the experience and lessons meaning are summarized, which can provide a reference for the improvement of the social status of women and women's political participation in China. Strictly speaking, Chinese did not complete, since the feminist feminist system. Chinese is formed after the combination of western feminism and the soil conditions of the China of feminism. More precisely, the women's Liberation Movement and women's political participation China are in the Western feminist Chinese introduction, with the development of society step by step. The development of feminism China has experienced a course of more twists and turns. In the China feudal color strong traditional culture, the status of women is relatively low. The basic rights are not respected and recognized. In the late Qing Dynasty reform movement, the feminist China has started brewing. In the overthrow of the feudal autocratic system of the old bourgeois democracy The meaning of revolution, women play a positive role. Chinese Communist Party attaches great importance to the role of women, and encourage women to participate in the leadership of the new democratic revolution and socialist revolution, and the women's Liberation and prosperity of the country together. Since the reform and opening up, with the western thoughts and cultural exchanges have become increasingly close, the development of China the feminism has ushered in a new opportunity. Today, social status and political participation Chinese women still did not reach the ideal level, in order to change this situation, should the healthy development of feminist creation environment, play a feminist in the maintenance of women's rights and promote the positive role of women's political participation in the globalization. With the increasing popularity of the Internet is the current development of feminism and female political practice background of globalization and the Internet. We make The theory and practice of feminism appeared more complicated situation than in the past, and on the other hand, to discuss and solve problems provide a convenient channel. Before not actively integrate into the globalization and Internet era, take advantage of what they bring, in order to promote the development of women's political participation and advancement of women the China, Chinese is an inevitable choice in the new situation.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C913.68;D034.5
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本文编号：1586685