失独父母的边缘化及其角色调适研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 21:35

本文选题：失独父母　切入点：边缘化　出处：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：古有云“不孝有三,无后为大”,传统观念造成了中国多年来人口压力问题。然而,随着现代社会的需求与发展,一方面国家实行了较为严厉的计划生育政策,控制了人口数量的增长,提高了人口总体素质；另一方面,人们越来越偏重于低生育的人生态度,从内在心理上减少了对子女数量的需求。但随着独生子女家庭数量的日趋增多,也逐渐产生了新的社会问题即“失独问题”。失独问题指独生子女家庭由于子女的唯一性以及社会普遍存在的客观风险性等因素,造成独生子女丧失,而因此导致失独父母陷入多重困境的社会现象。一直以来,中国都有家庭“集体主义”的观念,中国家庭中子女的地位比较特殊,子女是父母的精神依赖、经济支持以及动力源泉,而独生子女的丧失使得原本稳定的家庭结构陷入了混乱之中,再也不能满足精神的慰藉、物质的需求等,因此突如其来的失独事件不仅是家庭之伤,更是社会之痛。失独父母的产生根源于独生子女的问题,两者是一种因果的关系,即正是由于独生子女的丧失才导致了失独父母的产生,但唯有此原因并不足以导致失独父母的“边缘化”。那么失独父母是如何逐渐“边缘化”的呢?本文重点即来探索出失独父母边缘化的逻辑。追溯问题的根源当然要从内因说起,内因是本质因素,外因是必不可少的因素,换句话说,失独父母问题的产生源于失独父母自身,即失独父母自身的角色扮演。失独父母在角色认同、社会情境和角色互动这三个层面都存在着一定程度的角色距离,即社会期望角色与自身实际扮演角色之间的差距。而这些角色距离一经产生就会不断地扩大,造成失独父母情感慰藉、物质依赖以及适应能力的缺失,正是这些多重的缺失导致了失独父母边缘化的困境。探究失独父母边缘化困境产生的根源主要有两个方面,一是被动的边缘化,主要是由社会排斥引起的结构层面的边缘化；二是主动的边缘化,主要是由个人心理因素导致的边缘人格。在基于角色距离的理论分析基础上,针对性地提出了从微观和宏观两个层面对失独父母角色距离进行调适的路径,以期能够缩小失独父母的角色距离,并使之走出困境,适应社会。
[Abstract]:As Gu Youyun said, "there are three unfilial piety, but no later is big." the traditional concept has caused the population pressure problem in China for many years. However, with the demand and development of modern society, on the one hand, the country has implemented a more stringent family planning policy. It controls the growth of the population and improves the overall quality of the population. On the other hand, people are more and more inclined to the attitude of low fertility. Internally, the demand for the number of children has been reduced. But with the increasing number of one-child families, A new social problem, namely, the problem of losing independence, has gradually emerged. The problem of losing independence refers to the loss of the only child in the only child family because of the uniqueness of the children and the objective risks prevailing in the society. China has always had the concept of family "collectivism". The status of children in Chinese families is quite special, and children are parents' spiritual dependence. Economic support and the source of power, and the loss of the only child has plunged the previously stable family structure into chaos and can no longer meet the spiritual comfort, material needs, etc., so the sudden loss of independence is not just a family injury. It is also a social pain. The birth of parents without independence originates from the problem of only children, which is a causal relationship, that is, it is the loss of only children that leads to the birth of parents who have lost independence. However, only this reason is not enough to lead to the "marginalization" of parents who have lost their independence. The focus of this paper is to explore the logic of marginalization of parents who have lost their independence. The root of the problem must of course be traced back to the internal cause, which is the essential factor and the external factor is the essential factor. In other words, The problem arises from the role playing of the parents themselves, that is, the role playing of the parents themselves. The role distance exists in the three levels of role identity, social situation and role interaction between the parents who have lost their own independence, such as the identity of the role, the social situation and the interaction of the role. That is, the gap between the roles of social expectations and their actual roles, which, as soon as they are created, will continue to widen, resulting in emotional comfort, material dependence and lack of adaptability for parents who have lost their independence. It is these multiple deficiencies that lead to the plight of marginalization of parents without independence. There are two main reasons for exploring the plight of marginalization of parents without independence: one is passive marginalization, mainly caused by social exclusion of the structural level of marginalization; On the basis of the theoretical analysis based on role distance, this paper puts forward the path to adjust the distance between the roles of parents who have lost their independence from the micro and macro levels. In order to narrow the role of parents lost independent distance, and make it out of the predicament, adapt to society.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：C912

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