马克思社会结构理论及其对和谐社会建设的启示

发布时间：2018-03-27 17:33

本文选题：马克思　切入点：社会　出处：《华东师范大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：社会结构理论是马克思解开“历史之谜”,开创社会理论研究的一个极为重要的理论建构,也是马克思主义理论在社会结构研究领域的结晶。在把资本主义作为典型社会形态进行“人体解剖”时,马克思发现了人类社会的基本结构及其变迁的普遍规律,并将社会的变革与发展看成是一个源于社会结构的变迁而促使社会形态更替的过程,进而要求人们从社会结构的建构、重组和解构的冲突与融合中来认识和理解人类社会的发展轨迹,这不仅彻底宣告了社会历史研究领域中唯心主义的破产,也为寻找到社会发展的客观规律提供了一把成功的“钥匙”。马克思社会结构理论虽然开始于对自由竞争时期资本主义社会特别是市民社会的认识,但它是以扎实的思想理论准备为前提的。虽然马克思社会结构理论得益于以柏拉图、亚里士多德为代表的古希腊思想家的思想洗礼,但是,近代对资本主义自由竞争时期的社会矛盾和社会结构问题有深入研究的资产阶级古典经济学、德国古典哲学和空想社会主义,则为马克思社会结构理论的形成提供了主要的直接的思想来源。马克思社会结构理论的内容十分丰富,其所涉及的领域也非常广泛。归纳起来,我们至少可以从实践、空间和时间三个向度来分别分析马克思关于社会生产、社会要素和社会形态等方面的主要思想和观点。以实践为向度的社会结构分析是马克思分析社会结构的逻辑起点；以空间为向度的社会结构分析是指对社会结构在同一空间安排下各组成要素的共时性分析；而以时间为向度的社会结构分析则是指对社会结构在时间序列中社会形态的历时性分析。“社会生产”、“社会要素”、和“社会形态”不是社会结构孤立的三个性质截然不同的什么东西,它们只是由于观察和分析社会结构的视角不同,既相互联系又相互补充,共同构成了社会结构的有机整体,三者不可偏废。马克思社会结构理论是在科学的方法论指导下形成的,具有自身独特的分析方法,这些方法在某种意义上也构成了其理论的特征,并为理论的进一步展开提供具体的指导。在马克思社会结构理论的一般分析方法中,有两个分析方法具有显著的特征：一是从抽象到具体再到抽象的分析方法；二是从“人体解剖”到“猴体解剖”的逆向分析方法。在这两种分析方法的科学指导下,使得马克思社会结构理论表现出了整体性与个体性、抽象性与具体性、系统性与层次性、稳定性与
[Abstract]:The theory of social structure is an extremely important theoretical construction for Marx to solve the "mystery of history" and to initiate the study of social theory. It is also the crystallization of Marxist theory in the field of social structure research. When he took capitalism as a typical form of society to dissect the human body, Marx discovered the basic structure of human society and the universal law of its vicissitude. The transformation and development of the society is regarded as a process from the change of the social structure to the change of the social form, and then requires people to construct the social structure from the perspective of the social structure. The conflict and integration of reorganization and deconstruction to understand and understand the development trajectory of human society not only completely declared the bankruptcy of idealism in the field of social history research. It also provides a successful key for finding the objective law of social development. Although Marx's theory of social structure began with the understanding of capitalist society, especially the civil society, during the period of free competition, it was based on solid ideological and theoretical preparation, although Marx's theory of social structure benefited from Plato, Aristotle represented the ideological baptism of ancient Greek thinkers, but, in modern times, bourgeois classical economics, which has deeply studied the social contradictions and social structure problems in the period of capitalist free competition, German classical philosophy and utopian socialism provide the main direct thought source for the formation of Marx's social structure theory. Marx's social structure theory is very rich in content and involves a wide range of fields. To sum up, we can at least analyze Marx's social production separately from three dimensions: practice, space and time. The social structure analysis is the logical starting point of Marx's analysis of social structure. The spatial analysis of social structure refers to the synchronic analysis of the elements of social structure under the same spatial arrangement. The time-oriented social structure analysis refers to the diachronic analysis of the social structure in the time series. "Social production", "social elements", and "social formation" are not the three characteristics of isolated social structure. But something different, They only form the organic whole of the social structure because of the different perspectives of observing and analyzing the social structure, which are not only interrelated but also complementary to each other. Marx's theory of social structure is formed under the guidance of scientific methodology and has its own unique analytical methods, which in a certain sense also constitute the characteristics of its theory. In the general analysis method of Marx's social structure theory, two analytical methods have remarkable characteristics: one is from abstract to concrete and then to abstract; The second is the reverse analysis method from "human anatomy" to "monkey body anatomy". Under the scientific guidance of these two analytical methods, Marx's social structure theory shows integrity and individuality, abstractness and concreteness. System and hierarchy, stability and
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：A811;C912

【引证文献】