社区青年生涯发展障碍研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 20:10

  本文选题：社区青年　切入点：NEET状态　出处：《华东师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：盛世中的中国,“温室”时代的上海,正重演着英国与日本曾经面临的“恐慌”——NEET族现象。所谓NEET族,即那些处于"Not in Education, Employment or Training"状态的年轻人群；为了避免“贴标签”与歧视,本文以“社区青年”这一特定名词来替代NEET族及其他相关概念；本文中,“社区青年”的操作性定义是“处于NEET状态的、居住在城市(上海地区)的、生理年龄处于成年早期的年轻人”。这些处于NEET状态的年轻人不仅没有很好地完成“从学校到‘职场’的转换”,甚至主动停留在“被供养”的生涯阶段；人们也往往对他们投以“可怜、可悲及可恨”的目光；但是,作为生涯发展的主体,这些在与环境互动中看似“弱势”的社区青年们对自己的生涯发展障碍与出路有自己的答案。本研究源自研究者自身的生涯发展经历：与社区青年们类似,研究者也属于80后～90后,属于独生子女时代中的一员。在享受“温室时代”之“红利”的同时,社区青年们也不得不挣扎于时代巨变的洪流之中——广义意识形态、社会文化乃至生活的方方面面都在发生划时代的变化；在这样的大背景下,个体的生涯如何发展?个体与重要他人如何互相影响?个体与社会的环境如何互动?更重要的是个体该如何自处(与自我的关系)?这些都是个体生涯发展中绕不开的主题。本研究采用了田野调查式的方法,通过访谈、观察与生涯自述文本收集等方式得到了大量的第一手翔实资料；最终,本研究选择了“小黛”作为核心个案,以其“生涯发展历程”为时间维度,以其“生涯角色”为定点维度对其生涯发展的焦点事件进行了深度剖析；在个案深度剖析的基础上,辅以群体形象的建构来进行广度补充。对“处于NEET状态之社区青年的生涯发展障碍是什么?”这一研究问题的探究过程包括：首先,对核心个案成长历程轮廓进行概括,用以搭建生涯发展焦点事件的发掘与分析之平台；其次,在此平台之上,通过重要生涯角色的分析与对照,揭示了“生涯发展迟滞”现象的存在；最后,以“生涯发展迟滞”为切入点,从对质性材料的分析中完成社区青年的“生涯发展生态系统”的模型,并结合小黛的人格特质分析对小黛的生涯发展适配模型进行了假设还原,以前后模型的对比来展现“个体与环境互动”的过程与问题。至此,核心个案的深度分析为群体形象的广度建构提供了基点——小黛这一核心个案的“深度剖析”与其他个案的“广度补充”组成了对社区青年群体生涯发展问题的“总体描募”。基于以上分析得出结论：首先,对“社区青年的生涯发展障碍”的界定——从社会现象的视角来看,社区青年生涯发展障碍的表象为个体处于NEET或相似状态；从发展心理学理论的视角来看,社区青年的生涯发展障碍的实质是生涯发展迟滞现象的出现；从存在主义哲学的视角来看,社区青年生涯发展障碍的本质是缺乏独立“自我”。其次,建立“社区青年生涯发展障碍的形成机制”的认知——这类障碍的形成与“个体和微观系统(主要是原生家庭)间的非适配状态”相关；微观系统(主要是原生家庭)塑造了社区青年的“自我中心”、“依赖”与“不信任”等负面人格特质,这些特质导致了NEET状态的延续；另一方面,社区青年自身所具有的“好强”与“期待改变”的天性蕴含着对“自我认可”的追求,由此自生出社区青年的自我救赎之路——“工作”、“兴趣”与“信仰”；但是,无论那一条道路都不可避免地存在局限性,“自我认知”的不满足导致社区青年对“社会认可”的看重,他们也希望外界对他们施以援手。最后,对社区青年生涯发展问题解决之路的感悟——对于社区青年个体而言,要努力在与环境的互动中生成独立的“自我”；对于政府、辅导机构及家庭而言,需要抛却歧视与指责,尊重社区青年的主体性,唯有“理解”与“接纳”才是帮助社区青年解决生涯发展障碍的关键。总的来说,本文对社区青年这一群体的生涯发展文化采用质性研究的方法进行较为深入的体察,针对社区青年的生涯发展障碍进行了描述性研究,并在一定程度上建构了其形成原因与机制的理解,得出了较为可靠的阶段性结论。承然,本研究在个案选择、个体与群体案例的结合方面尚存在欠缺与不足,这将是本研究日后努力的方向。
[Abstract]:In China , the " greenhouse " era in Shanghai , the " panic " _ NEET phenomenon in Britain and Japan is being repeated . The so - called NEET family , that is , those in the " Not in Education , Education or Training " state ;
In order to avoid " labelling " and discrimination , this paper replaces the NEET family and other related concepts with " community youth " .
In this paper , " community youth " is defined as " young people in the state of NEET , living in the city ( Shanghai ) , and the physiological age is in the early adulthood . " These young people who are in NEET don ' t do well the " transition from school to ' workplace " , even actively stay in the career stage of " being fed " ;
People often look at the eyes of " poor , sad and hate " .
However , as the main body of career development , these young people who appear to be " weak " in the interaction with the environment have their own answers to their career development obstacles and their way out . This study is based on the experience of the researchers ' career development : similar to the community youth , the researchers also belong to one of the only children ' s age after 80 to 90 days . In the meantime , the community youth have to struggle with the " dividend " of the " green house era " .
Under such a large background , how does the individual ' s career develop ? How does the individual interact with the important others ? What is more important is how the individual interacts with the society ? More importantly , how can the individual interact ( with the self ) ? These are the topics that are not open in the development of individual career . The research adopts the field investigation method , and obtains a great deal of first - hand and detailed information through interviews , observation and collection of his career .
Finally , this study selected " Xiao Dai " as the core case , taking his career development course as the time dimension , taking his " career role " as the fixed point dimension to the depth analysis of the focal point of his career development ;
On the basis of the depth analysis of the case and the construction of the image of the group , the research process of " What is the obstacle to the career development of the youth in the NEET state ? " The inquiry process includes : Firstly , the outline of the development course of the core case is summarized , which is used to build the platform of the exploration and analysis of the focal point of career development ;
Secondly , on this platform , through the analysis and control of important career characters , the existence of " career development hysteresis " phenomenon is revealed ;
Finally , based on the analysis of qualitative material , the model of " career development ecosystem " of community youth is completed , and the process and problem of " individual and environment interaction " are presented .
From the perspective of developmental psychology theory , the essence of career development obstacle of community youth is the appearance of career development ;
From the perspective of exisitalist philosophy , the essence of community youth career development obstacle is lack of independent " self " . Secondly , the formation mechanism of " formation mechanism of community youth career development obstacle " is set up , and the formation of such obstacles is related to " non - adaptive status " between individual and microscopic system ( mainly native families ) ;
Micro - system ( mainly native family ) shapes the negative personality traits such as " self - centered " , " dependency " and " distrust " of community youth , which lead to the continuation of NEET status ;
On the other hand , the nature of " good strong " and " expectation change " possessed by the community youth itself contains the pursuit of " self - recognition " , thus self - salvation of youth from the community _ " work " , " interest " and " belief " ;
However , regardless of the inevitable limitation of the road , " self - cognition " does not satisfy the value of " social recognition " caused by community youth , and they hope to help them . Finally , the understanding of the way to solve the problem of community youth career development is that for the community youth individual , efforts should be made to generate independent " self " in the interaction with the environment ;
On the whole , this paper makes a descriptive study on the career development obstacles of community youth , and constructs the understanding of the reasons and mechanisms of community youth .

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C913.5
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本文编号：1687457