我国儿童福利发展的探索研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 15:25

本文选题：儿童福利　切入点：弱势儿童　出处：《河南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国自加入联合国儿童公约以来，一直非常注重儿童的身心健康发展，特别是改革开放以后，经济发展大幅度的跨越，为丰富儿童福利的发展打下了坚实的物质基础。我国的儿童福利制度一直在进行不断的探索和改革，出台了相关的法律法规、制订了纲要和行动方案、成立了与儿童有关的部门，内容涉及到儿童的各个方面，包括收养、教育、医疗、司法等，从身体和心理等全方位地关注儿童健康成长。可以说我国的儿童福利已经取得了很大的成绩。但是由于我国城乡二元分割体制、收入分配差距较大等原因，儿童福利政策重点集中在孤残儿童身上。我国正处于结构转型时期，大量的社会问题又导致了更多困境儿童的出现。儿童福利制度的设计并没有广泛覆盖全体少年儿童，也没有体现福利制度维护社会公平、公正的原则。在坚持尽力保障全体儿童权益的基础上，重点突出保障重度残疾儿童、大病儿童等困境儿童的基本权益。注重保障儿童基本生活、教育、医疗、交通等多方面权益，体现综合性、全面性，对于孤儿、弃婴、残疾儿童等特殊群体，应在基本保障内容的基础上增加康复、特教、就业住房等内容。本文针对对近年来社会上发生的危害儿童健康安全的事件，着重以2013年兰考火灾事故为例，搜集了大量的有关儿童福利的国内外文献资料，借助马斯洛需求理论、罗尔斯正义论、目标定位理论，在对开封市社会福利院进行实地调查研究的基础上，结合个人观点，对我国儿童福利现状和存在问题进行了分析。然后通过与国外制度的对比，结合我国的现实国情提出了一些制度化的建议，在保障困境儿童基本生活的前提下，要逐步地扩展儿童福利的覆盖面，以多元化发展为理念，做好顶层设计，，建立普惠型的儿童津贴制度，完善儿童服务，多渠道筹集儿童福利资金等。
[Abstract]:Since the Chinese since joining the United Nations Children's convention, has been very focused on the development of children's physical and mental health, especially after the reform and opening up, economic development spans greatly, a solid material foundation for the development of rich child welfare. Child welfare system of our country has been in continuous exploration and reform, the introduction of laws and regulations the formulation of the programme and action plan, set up the children and the relevant departments, the content involves all aspects, including the adoption of children, education, medical, legal, from the physical and psychological omnibearing concern for children's healthy growth. It can be said that the children's welfare in our country has made great achievements. But because of China's urban and rural two binary system, income distribution gap and other reasons, mainly concentrated in the disabled children's welfare policy children. Our country is in the transition period, a large number of social problems It leads to the more the plight of children in the child welfare system. The design is not widely covering all the children, did not reflect the welfare system to safeguard social fairness and justice principle. Based on all the children try to protect the rights and interests of security, highlighting the severe disabled children, the basic rights of the plight of children ill children focus on. The protection of children's basic life, education, medical care, many traffic rights, reflect the comprehensive, comprehensive, for orphans, abandoned children, children with disabilities and other special groups, should increase the recovery, based on the basic guarantee of the content of education, employment and housing.
In this paper the society in recent years, harm children's health and safety incidents, especially in 2013, Lankao fire accident as an example, collected a large number of child welfare related literature at home and abroad, with the help of Maslow demand theory, Rawls's theory of justice, goal orientation theory, based on the field investigation and Research on the City Social Welfare Institute on the combination of personal views on current situation of children's welfare in our country and the existing problems are analyzed. Then by comparing with the foreign system, combined with the reality of our country puts forward some institutional suggestions, in the premise of ensuring the basic life of the plight of children, to gradually expand the coverage of child welfare, with diversified development concept, good top-level design, system establishment of inclusive child allowances, improve children's services, multiple channels to raise funds for child welfare.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：C913.7;C913.5

【参考文献】